Question

1) compare and contrast the countries systems with the health care system of England, and Switzerland this should be two page long

2) How the system is designed (What type of system is it?) in other words who runs it, is it tax based etc.

3) advantage and disadvantage of the system

4) How expensive it (how much is spent year on health care?

5) How does that compare with the USA?

6) What insurance looks like in that country (describe in detail how the system works)

7) What the system covers (broadly)

8) The significant differences between this country and the USA system.

make sure everything has to be in compare not in a separate form with USA, incluse that as part of the other countries.

9) which choice as to which health care system you would prefer and why, please make sure you give the the cite where the video or article is from.

Answer 1

1-) The structural and organizational set-up of United Kingdom’s (UK) health care. This is based on concrete data from “The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development” (OECD, 2008a) and from “The World Health Organization” (WHO) and, thus, shows the differences and similarities to the Swiss health care system. The fact of incomplete or not available data, in particular, regarding fundamental and cost-relevant data from the Swiss system brought about some methodical problems. International comparisons are striking, since they show the Swiss system’s “bad” performance due to its immense costs – thus it performs significantly worse than the British system, and/or in comparison with the OECD (OECD,) countries (WHO) . At a first glance, from the financial vantage point, the British system seems to leave a better impression.

British vs. the health service of Switzerland. On the one hand, it shows the Swiss system’s “bad” performance due to its cost extensity. Compared to many OECD countries, particularly regarding the United Kingdom’s (UK) system, the latter seems to leave a better impression. older and/or more expensive patients (e.g., due to inadequate care and/or death) is not representative, objective, reliable, nor internal/external variability. Nowadays, the British ideal of providing the same HEALTH treatment to all residents ( – or in other words “the rich patient dies next to the poor” – is still ways beyond. However, on the one hand it is quite praiseworthy, nevertheless, it still pretends to example the mentioned ideal, e.g., as a rich patient cannot buy any cure by expensive drugs. Section 2 introduces some overarching theoretical aspects regarding healthcare, while Sec-tion 3 shortly comes up with the methodological approach, so to describe the British and the Swiss healthcare systems in Sections 4 and 5. Thus, section on reliable and available data. – considering different oth-er countries, in order to get a broader vantage point. Lastly, Section 7 is concluding about, e.g., the relation, or even correlation/causality, between the health care’s gross domestic product proportion and its quality, etc.eory: Two Poles of Responsibility and the Pentagon of GoalsResponsibility in regard of healthiness (and/or sickness) largely depends on market systems. Though, this seems to be, on tractionary, a detailed analysis shows some dependencies. Marked Oriented Economic Systems are Sharply Tied to CompetitionThus, the individual is affected, impacted, and in the case not used to, also discon-certed. However, these systems ask for self-responsibility and decisiveness between competitors. Particularly, regarding healthcare, this might include insurance compa-nies, hospitals, managed care systems, even chosen practitioners, specialists, ex-perts, etc.

organization of health care in the United Kingdom with those of the Swiss healthcare system. One of the main attempts was, not to lose sight of the perspective and needs of a patient in the respective healthcare system. In this aspect, the methodology is based on a was carried out nationally on the side of Swissbib .Swissbib brings together 900 Swiss libraries, media libraries and archives and includes 19 million doc-uments Swissbib . Regarding historical sources, in a second step, the catalogues of the University of Economics of Munich and the University of Mannheim were also included Financial Times . In a third step, the search was extended to the whole of Europe. Here, the focus was on Eng-lish-language literature, so the search continued in the online catalogue of the University of Oxford and the Cambridge Digital Library. Finally, the three currently most prestigious US universities have joined the circle: Massachu-setts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University and Yale University. These three uni-versitieie the Univer-sity of Cambridge in second, and the University highest ranked research universities. Further, the gathered data Health Organization (WHO) statistics and the statistics provided by the countries of the Or-ganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Five researchers coded the texts using by the Holsti formula Rössler ]. Thus, the details’ necessary depth, regarding capabilities and costs of the two systems, apart from objectivity, reliability

2-) Systems design is the process of defining elements of a system like modules, architecture, components and their interfaces and data for a system based on the specified requirements. It is the process of defining, developing and designing systems which satisfies the specific needs and requirements of a business or organization.

Description: A systemic approach is required for a coherent and well-running system. Bottom-Up or Top-Down approach is required to take into account all related variables of the system. A designer uses the modelling languages to express the information and knowledge in a structure of system that is defined by a consistent set of rules and definitions. The designs can be defined in graphical or textual modelling languages.

Some of the examples of graphical modelling languages are

a. Unified Modelling Language (UML): To describe software both structurally and behaviourally with graphical notation.

b. Flowchart : A schematic or stepwise representation of an algorithm.

c. Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN): Used for Process Modelling language.

d. Systems Modelling Language (SysML): Used for systems engineering.

Design methods:

1) Architectural design: To describes the views, models, behaviour, and structure of the system.

2) Logical design: To represent the data flow, inputs and outputs of the system. Example: ER Diagrams (Entity Relationship Diagrams).

3) Physical design: Defined as a) How users add information to the system and how the system represents information back to the user. b) How the data is modelled and stored within the system. c) How data moves through the system, how data is validated, secured and/or transformed as it flows through and out of the system.

The UK’s current tax take is high by historical UK standards, but below average among OECD countries. The UK government raises around 35% of national income in a Tax revenue, a share that has been edging up in recent decades and is now at its highest point since the late 1960s. The average among OECD countries is higher and many countries in Europe raise substantially more as a share of national income.All OECD economies raise the majority of their tax revenues from three broad-based taxes on income, earnings and consumption. Income tax, social securitycontributions (SSCs) and value added tax (VAT) / general sales tax (GST) account forover 50% of revenues in all advanced economies, and significantly more than that in most. The UK raises a below-average share of national income from income tax and SSCs. It raises much less than many European countries from SSCs (National Insurance contributions) and from employer contributions in particular. The UK’s lower revenues from these taxes more than explain the UK’s below-average tax take – the UK raises more than average from taxes excluding income tax and SSCs. Individuals at both the median and top of the UK income distribution pay less income tax and SSCs than they would if the UK adopted the tax system of a higher-tax country. In most cases, average tax rates would be higher for both median and high-income earners if the UK implemented the income tax and SSC system from one of the EU15 countries that raise more tax than the UK. The UK is more of an outlier at the median, especially for SSCs, than it is for top earners.

The UK has one of the more progressive income tax and SSC systems in the EU15 In the sense that average rates are high at the top relative to the median. Average tax rates rise more quickly with income in the UK, and are higher at the top relative to the median, than in most of the European countries that raise more revenue overall.

3-) ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES OF SYSTEM

1-) Under the new system, all students will have the opportunity to study up to Secondary order

2. -)Students with different abilities, interests and aptitudes can give full play to their talents through the broad and balanced senior secondary curriculum.

3. The curriculum breaks the barrier of traditional arts and science streaming.

4. The subjects are diversified. They suit different students' interest, aptitudes and abilities.

5. Through the participation in Other Learning Experiences, students can acquire learning experiences of moral and civic education, community services, physical and aesthetic education and career-related experiences.

6. Provides a better opportunity and method for students to inter-grade into international courses from the 334 system

4-) Health spending is transitioning globally, with a rapid increase in domestic spending, both out-of-pocket and publicly funded

• Two years into the Sustainable Development Goals era, global spending on health continues to rise. It was US$ 7.8 trillion in 2017, or about 10% of GDP and $1,080 per capita – up from US$ 7.6 trillion in 2016.

• The health sector continues to expand faster than the economy. Between 2000 and 2017, global health spending in real terms grew by 3.9% a year while the economy grew 3.0% a year.

• Middle income countries are rapidly converging towards higher levels of spending. In those countries, health spending rose 6.3% a year between 2000 and 2017 while the economy rose by 5.9% a year. Health spending in low income countries rose 7.8% a year.

• Across low income countries, the average health spending was only US$ 41 a person in 2017, compared with US$ 2,937 in high income countries – a difference of more than 70 times. High income countries account for about 80% of global spending, but the middle income country share increased from 13% to 19% of global spending between 2000 and 2017.

• Public spending represents about 60% of global spending on health and grew at 4.3% a year between 2000 and 2017. This growth has been decelerating in recent years, from 4.9% a year growth in 2000–2010 to 3.4% in 2010–2017.

• As the health sector grew, it became less reliant on out-of-pocket spending. Total out-of- pocket spending more than doubled in low and middle income countries from 2000 to 2017 and increased 46% in high income countries. But it grew more slowly than public spending in all income groups.

• Donor funding represents 0.2 % of health spending globally. It continues to be an important source in low income countries at 27% of health spending and 3% in lower middle income countries.

In countries with fast-growing economies, health spending increased dramatically as they moved up the income ladder

• Between 2000 and 2017, overall health spending dramatically increased in a group of 42 countries that experienced fast economic growth. On average, real health spending per cap- ita grew by 2.2 times and increased by 0.6 percentage points as a share of GDP. For most, the growth of health spending was faster than that of GDP.

5-) U.S. health care spending grew 4.6 percent in 2018, reaching $3.6 trillion or $11,172 per person. As a share of the nation's Gross Domestic Product, health spending accounted for 17.7 percent.

6-) The United States is the only industrialized country in the world that does not have Universal Health Coverage for all citizens. While the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was a step in the direction of universal coverage, as of the end of 2016, 9% of all Americans (and 12.4% of US Adults aged 18 to 64) still did not have health insurance.1 This paper will give a high-level overview of where we are today, with a comparison to several other countries.

8-) The World Health Organization has carried out the first ever analysis of the world's health systems. Using five performance indicators to measure health systems in 191 member states, it finds that France provides the best overall health care followed among major countries by Italy, Spain, Oman, Austria and Japan.

The findings are published today, 21 June, in The World Health Report 2020 – Health systems: Improving performance.

9-) I prefer to choose the Britain health care system

Britain. It’s efficient. Given the rather low spending, it provides great access with acceptable outcomes.

Britain. Patients in Britain have a greater ability to shop across providers (using additional private insurance). This, combined with reforms within the N.H.S., helped increase competition and quality.

Britain. While the countries are close in spending and quality, Britain has much lower cost-based barriers to access.

: Britain. Access problems can be profound in Canada — nearly one in five Canadians report waiting four months or more for elective surgery, which can be more than just an inconvenience