Question

What is the difference between disabilities and handicaps? Include in your answer why it is important to avoid "labels" when speaking about these individuals.

What does intelligence mean? Include in your answer the differences between general, fluid and crystallized intelligence.

What is the theory of multiple intelligence? Hint: Your answer cannot be considered complete without mentioning Howard Gardner and the eight intelligences.

What is the triarchic theory of successful intelligence? Hint: Your answer cannot be considered complete without mentioning Robert Sternberg and the three kinds of "successful intelligence".

Describe the concept of intelligence quotient or IQ. What is meant by the "Flynn effect"?

What is the difference between learning styles and learning preferences? What learning style distinctions are most well supported by research?

What is IDEA and why is it important to students with disabilities? What is a learning disability?

What is meant by "Intellectual Disabilities"? What is Response to Intervention (RTI)?

Who are "truly" gifted students? Generally speaking, what are the characteristics of gifted students? What appears to be the origin of these gifts and how should these gifted students be supported in their learning outcomes?

Answer 1

1. A disability is any restriction that is caused in an individual because of a presence of an abnormality. Whereas, if that abnormality restricts a person from performing the daily activities of a person, it is known as a handicap. Having labels for them demeaning their real worth. The labeling makes people discriminate against them, and on the other hand, they themselves feel inferior to others.

2. Intelligence is the capability of a person to apply and acquire skills and knowledge. Intelligence is generally classified into general, fluid and crystallized intelligence. General intelligence is one that has a role in the cognitive and performance ability of a person. Fluid intelligence is the capability of a person to use logic in a new situation, solve the new problems and identify the patterns. On the other hand, crystallized intelligence is one where an individual solves a problem by using previously learned knowledge.

3. The theory of ‘multiple intelligence’ is propounded by Howard Gardner. According to him, human beings do not have a specific intelligence, however, they possessed a number of different kinds of intelligence. These intelligences are distributed different among the people where, one dominant intelligence can be the least dominant intelligence in the other. He said that these can be nurtured and strengthened through time. The different kinds of intelligence are:

a) Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence: The person has highly developed verbal skills. They can visualize and red words

b) Mathematical-Logical Intelligence: Here the person has the capacity to discern numerical and logical patterns. It is the potential of an individual to think abstractly and conceptually.

c) Musical Intelligence: The individual has the ability to appreciate and produce music and rhythms.

d) Visual-Spatial Intelligence: Here the person has the ability to perceive images and pictures and visualize it accurately.

e) Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: It is the ability of the person’s to control one own movement and to handle it skillfully.

f) Interpersonal Intelligence: It is the ability of the person to be able to grasp the emotion of the other person and converse appropriately.

g) Intrapersonal Intelligence: The ability of a person to understand the emotions of oneself. The capability of a person to be self-aware of one’s own beliefs, values, feelings, and thinking process.

h) Naturalist Intelligence: Ability to appreciate nature and recognize its importance.

4. The Triarchic theory of intelligence was given by Robert J. Sternberg and he talks about three different types of intelligence

Analytical intelligence is one which is a process in the brain and what you perceive it to be. This intelligence gets in the play when the person tries to solve problems.

Creative intelligence is one where the person tries to use be creative and adjust to the novel situation. It synthesizes information and helps the person to gain insight.

Practical intelligence is the one which is used in the daily use of the person. Here the intelligence allows the person to adapt and adjust to the new environment.