Question

How are genes analyzed? What bioinformatics tools could you use? How is a comparison between genes (sequences) made? How is the molecular weight of genes estimated? Isoforms how do you evaluate if there are any? How can genes be identified with bioinformatic tools?

Answer 1

The genes are analyzed using various techniques, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), DNA sequencing, RT-PCR (Real time - PCR), Karyotyping, and DNA microarrays.

The different bioinformatics tolls that can be used to analyze genes include the sequencing technologies for whole genome, such as metagenomic assembly (IDBA-UD, Ray meta, MetAMOS), binning tools (PHYSCIMM, MetaWatt, CONCOCT), and gene prediction ( Orphelia, Glimmer-MG).

The genes are compared by sequencing techniques. The genes are sequenced separately, and then the sequences of both these genes are compared to each other. The sequencing can be done using the chain termination method, Sanger method or Maxam and Gilbert method.

The molecular mass of the gene is calculated by multiplying the number of bases in the gene with the molecular weight of the individual bases.

The isoforms can be evaluated using the RNA-sequencing techniques and transcrit abundance estimation.

The genes are identified in bioinformatica by first sequencing the DNA, and then identifying the sense and non-sense starnd. The open reading frame (ORF) reads the sequences which are checked by a computer program. These are then transcribed. Now, the protein encoded indicates the region of the DNA that might be the parts of genes.