Question

Suppose a pulp and paper mill emits pollution into a river upstream of a commercial fishing operation. The emissions from the mill damage the fishery by reducing the number of fish that can be caught. The mill benefits from emissions as these are a by-product of pulp and paper production.

Explain why the pollution level under point (b) is not an efficient outcome.   What is the efficient level of pollution? Explain.

Answer 1

Ans. INTRODUCTION

Pollution it refers to a harmful discharge of substances in the environment which harm any of the species pollution are caused by bad human activities . It can it can occur in many ways mainly there are three different types of pollution air pollution water pollution and noise pollution air pollution refers to the pollution which is conducted from air by discharging of harmful chemicals in the air like carbon monoxide carbon dioxide in the the environment occurs ozone depletion and global warming and is responsible for many harmful diseases also in the environment second the the water pollution is the pollution which is occurred due to harmful discharge of of chemicals toxins and non biodegradable items in the water which is harmful for water animals and water species and environment or human beings also noise pollution it is occurred by the.loud volume of noise which is problematic for many human beings and species and animals also

water pollution by mills and factories

in the given question the Mila dumping their waste in the river the waste contain chemical plastic and many harmful substances in it which ultimately effect badly in water by endangering the species of of water and exhausting them whether the river water is provided to city people also then the chemical discharge water and the toxic water harm the humans also in these ways the the polluted water is is harmful for many living and nonliving organisms..

Causes of water pollution

As we all know that water is very valuable to all living as well as non living organism it is also known as universal solvent because water is very solvent any substance can dissolve into it very easily so the water can easily get polluted toxic substance from farm Town factories dissolved into it and mix with it causing water pollution.

Effect and challenges of water pollution

Water is the necessity of of living it effect the life directly or indirectly all industrial, environmental, and metabolic processes are water dependent Water pollution may pose serious threat to the environment as well as livessome other organic pollutants have been identified as carcinogens, hormones, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics and personal care product wastes are known as endocrine disruptive chemicals then for efective environmental protection policies compliance drive will be of immense benefit to the environment and by extension to human. Factoring these environmental protection policies into the goals and objectives of various actors involved in environmental deterioration will help policies performance. This will serve as a step forward in the direction of ameliorating water pollution.

efficient level of pollution

The only way to protect environmental quality is by harming it in other way.we should protect the environment without considering the damage done to the environment first, decisions are made at the margin little more clean water at the cost of a little less clean air and, second, the marginal value of everything eventually begins to fall as we get more of it. The efficient level of pollution is the quantity at which its total benefits exceed its total costs by the greatest possible amount. This occurs where the marginal benefit of an additional unit of pollution equals its marginal cost.