Question

1. List the select prototype medication for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).

2. Describe myopathy. List the nursing actions and client education regarding myopathy.

3. Heparin is the select prototype medication for parenteral anticoagulants. List 2 complications of heparin and give at least 2 nursing actions for each complication.

4. What are the therapeutic uses for the oral anticoagulant warfarin?

5. What are the therapeutic uses for Dabigatran?

Answer 1

Question 1 answer:

Atorvastatin

Rosuvastatin

Simvastatin

Fluvastatin

Lovastatin

Cerivastatin

Question 2. Answer:

Myopathy is a disease affecting the muscles in which muscle fibres will not function properly and leads to muscular weakness

Nursing action include:

Main symptoms of myopathy involves muscle weakness, muscles cramps, Fatigue or malaise etc

1 provide daily stretching activities.- hold stretch for 10-20 sec amd repeat 3-5 times

2.Advice to get up and walk around in the case of prolonged sitting

3. Instruct to do stretch and light exercise before bedtime innthe case of leg cramps at night.

4. Educate to take plenty of fluids unless contraindicated

5. Educate to avoid exercises at extreme heat to reduce energy loss.

6. Consider the need for home care like physical therapy, nurse visit,

7. Assess for emotional responses to limitations.

8. Provide massage to the area of muscle cramps

9. Apply hot or cold to tight muscles

10. Educate the client regarding the energy saving techniques to reduce fatigue during activities

11. Educate the client to prioritise the tasks according to needs.

12. Monitor the nutritional needs related to immobility

13. Evaluate the need for assistive devices like walker, wheelchairs according to Client's deformity rate.

Question 3. Answers

List of complications of heparin:

A. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): it is serious condition in which patients have low platelet count.

Nursing action include:

1. Understand and identify the symptoms of HIT like pain, redness, swelling of arms and legs, venous and arterial thrombosis.

2. Always monitor platelet count before starting heparin therapy.

B. Hemorrhagic complication with heparin: Bleeding is the major complication of heparin therapy

Nursing actions include:

1. Check patients for bleeding complications from head to toe.

2. Laboratory monitoring for aPTT value to know the therapeutic range for adjusting the dose of heparin therapy.

Question 4 Answer:

Therapeutic use of warfarin include

Deep vein thrombosis

Pulmonary embolism

Supportive treatment for stroke and heart attack

To prevent blood clots in the case of atrial fibrillation, heart valve replacement, certain surgery like knee replacement

Question 5 Answer

Therapeutic use of Dabigatran:

This also used in treatment of Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and to prevent the risk of reoccurrence of this conditions.

Also used to prevent blood clot after hip replacement surgery