Question

1. How is anticipation important with respect to dopamine?
2. What makes uncertainty, lack of control and predictability sometimes pleasurable?
3. How does stress impact the chances of someone becoming addicted to a substance, the addictive potential of a drug, the extent of abuse, and the risk of relapse?

4. Is it only a primate's rank that predicts its stress response? If not, what else is important?

5. Why is studying dominance hierarchies and stress more complex in humans than in baboons?

6. What makes living in poverty so stressful?

7. Explain the role that Sapolsky believes that health care access, risk factors, and feeling poor, play in accounting for the average worse health that people living in poverty experience.

Answer 1

Anticipation is a very important aspect of perceiving the intensity of dopamine released in the brain after a simulated activity such as intake of alcohol or drugs because perception of dopamine is at its peak when it is not expected to enter our system.

Uncertainty or lack of control and predictability can be pleasurable if an individual has been going through long periods of chronic stress as if neutralizes the anxiety that is present in the individual’s body but it must be noted that uncertainty can be a trigger of anxiety for many people.

Stress has a positive correlation with the chances of someone getting addicted to a substance, it also increases the extent to which a person can abuse a substance and can also affect the probability of an individual relapsing improving the addiction after getting recovered from the addiction before. This is because stress is a conditional stimuli for many individuals which gets connected to the conditioned response of intake of the substance so as to satisfy the need.

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