Question

I want to know everything there is to know about wireless networking, in particular, how to connect a device to 5G cellular networks, also looking at NFC, GPS, all that would be helpful too

Answer 1

With the rapid growth of mobile telephony and wireless networks, the vision of a information society is slowly becoming a reality. Wireless networks have been a crucial part of communication in the last few decades and a truly revolutionary paradigm shift, enabling multimedia communications between people and devices from any location. It has made the network portable because of digital modulation, adaptive modulation, information compression, wireless access and multiplexing. It supports exciting applications such as sensor networks, smart homes, telemedicine, and automated.

Wireless networks are frequently categorized into three groups based on their coverage range:

• Wireless Wide Area Networks(WWAN) : Wireless WAN is a wide area network in which separate areas of coverage or cells are connected wirelessly to provide service to a large geographic area. Also called "wireless broadband" or "broadband wireless," wireless WANs use cell towers to transmit a radio signal within a range of several miles to a moving or stationary device. WWAN technology has been around for several years now. The three families of WWAN technologies are GSM/UMTS, CDMA One/CDMA2000 and WiMAX.

• Wireless Local Area Networks(WLAN) : Wireless Local Area Networks(WLAN) Wireless local area networks are groups of wireless networking nodes within a limited geographic area, such as an office building or campus, that are capable of radio communication. WLANs allow greater flexibility and portability than thetraditional wired LAN. Wi-Fi is a very well-accepted networking technology and is synonymous with WLAN.

• Wireless Personal Area Networks(WPAN) : WPANs connect personal devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, laptop computers, and other devices together to share resources or data over a very limited area. They can also operate using either infrared or radio frequency. Unlike a WLAN, a connection made through a WPAN involves little or noinfrastructure or direct connectivityto the world outside the linkThis allows small, power-efficient, inexpensive solutions to be implemented for a wide range of devices.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) project first began in 1973 and became fully operational in 1994. The (GPS) is a space-based navigations system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. GPS receivers come in all different shapes and sizes, are widespread and are affordable. Today, GPS receivers can be found in watches, phones, tablets, computers, cars and a wide variety of other devices.

GPS is funded by and controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). The system is called NAVSTAR (Navigation SatelliteTiming & Ranging GPS). Fun fact about GPS is that GPS receivers can determine your position anywhere on earth , even in the outback, the ocean or in Antarctica.

The three main components of GPS include :

• Control Segment : It helps to monitors the health and position of the satellites in the space segment and transmits correction information back up to the satellites.
• User Segment : It helps the hand-held receivers to interpret the messages broadcast from the satellites.
• Space Segment : It ptovides information about the satellites orbiting the earth and transmitting timing and ranging messages.

Working of GPS :

GPS satellites circle the Earth twice a day in a precise orbit. Each satellite transmits a unique signal and orbital parameters that allow GPS devices to decode and compute the precise location of the satellite. GPS receivers use this information and trilateration to calculate a user's exact location. Today's GPS receivers are extremely accurate, thanks to their parallel multi-channel design. Certain atmospheric factors and other error sources can affect the accuracy of GPS receivers.

What is 5G cellular networks :

5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices. The shift to 5G has undoubtedly changed the way the world interact with technology on a day-to-day basis. 5G is the 5th generation mobile network and is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks.

5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users. 5G is a unified, more capable air interface. It has been designed with an extended capacity to enable next-generation user experiences, empower new deployment models and deliver new services.

One of the most exciting and crucial aspects of 5G is its effect on the Internet. Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new industries. When a 5G connection is established, the User Equipment (or device) will connect to the 5G network to provide the control signalling and to to help provide the fast data connection.

Near Field Communication NFC :

NFC is a short-range high frequency wireless communication technology that enables the exchange of data between devices over about a 10 cm distance. As the name implies, it enables short-range communication between compatible devices. All of today’s smartphones are equipped with NFC technology.

Unlike Bluetooth, NFC doesn’t require any kind of manual pairing or device discovery to transfer data. NFC chip operates as one part of a wireless link. Once it's activated by another chip, small amounts of data between the two devices can be transferred when held a few centimeters from each other. The NFC device can function as a smart or contactless credit card and make payments or tap into public transport systems.

The list of NFC-equipped devices is growing every day. Every iPhone since the iPhone 6 and every device running on Android 4.0 or later has NFC on them. The significant advantage of NFC over Bluetooth is the shorter set-up time. Instead of performing manual configurations to identify Bluetooth devices, the connection between two NFC devices is established at once.

Also, NFC requires much less power consumption than Bluetooth as well as faster connectivity. It can also work when one of the devices is not powered by a battery. Most people consider NFC’s small radius a major security benefit, and it’s one of the reasons that NFC has taken off as a secure alternative to credit cards.