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PLEASE ANSWER JUST QUESTION i, j, l. Thanks Confidence   interval   for   a   mean   and   one-sample   t-test.  ...

PLEASE ANSWER JUST QUESTION i, j, l. Thanks

Confidence   interval   for   a   mean   and   one-sample   t-test.   As   the world   warms,   the   geographic   ranges   of   species   might   shift   toward   cooler   areas.   Chen   et   al. (2011)   studied   recent   changes   in   the   highest   elevation   at   which   species   occur.   Typically, higher   elevations   are   cooler   than   lower   elevations.   Below   are   the   changes   in   highest elevation   for   31   taxa,   in   meters,   over   the   late   1900s   and   early   2000s.   (Many   taxa   were surveyed,   including   plants,   vertebrates,   and   arthropods.)   Positive   numbers   indicate   upward shifts   in   elevation,   and   negative   numbers   indicate   shifts   to   lower   elevations.   The   values   are displayed   in   the   accompanying   figure.

58.9,   7.8,   108.6,   44.8,   11.1,   19.2,   61.9,   30.5   12.7,   35.8,   7.4,   39.3,   24.0,   62.1,   24.3,   55.3   32.7, 65.3,   −19.3,   7.6,   −5.2,   −2.1,   31.0,   69.0   88.6,   39.5,   20.7,   89.0,   69.0,   64.9,   64.8
a.   What   is   the   sample   size   n?

b.   What   is   the   mean   of   these   data   points?   Remember   to   give   the   units.

c.   What   is   the   standard   deviation   of   elevational   range   shift?   (Give   the   units   as   well.)

d.   What   is   the   standard   error   of   the   mean   for   these   data?

e.   How   many   degrees   of   freedom   will   be   associated   with   a   confidence   interval   and   a   onesample   t-test   for   the   mean   elevation   shift?

f.   What   value   of   α   is   needed   for   a   95%   confidence   interval?

g.   What   is   the   critical   value   of   t   for   this   α   and   number   of   degrees   of   freedom?

h.   What   assumptions   are   necessary   to   use   the   confidence   interval   calculations   in   this   chapter?

i.   Calculate   the   95%   confidence   interval   for   the   mean   using   these   data.

j.   For   the   one-sample   t-test,   write   the   appropriate   null   and   alternative   hypotheses.

k.   Calculate   the   test   statistic   t   for   this   test.

l.   What   assumptions   are   necessary   to   do   a   one-sample   t-test?

m.   Describe   the   P-value   for   this   test   as   accurately   as   you   can.

n.   Did   species   change   their   highest   elevation   on   average?

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