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Topic 4: Echo Sounder and Speed Logs: According to your Knowledge, answer the following questions: (Within...

Topic 4: Echo Sounder and Speed Logs:
According to your Knowledge, answer the following questions: (Within 600 words)
a. In Echo sounder systems some devices has one transducer (transmitting and receiving transducer
in one unit) and the other devices has two transducers which of them is better and why?
b. The factors that affect the Velocity of Sonic & ultrasonic Wave in Seawater are Salinity, Pressure and Temperature; explain with aid of drawing and equation their effect on the measurement depth indicated by an echo sounder?
c. Explain how to cancel out the effects of pitching and rolling on the speed indicated by Doppler Speed Log (Janus Configuration); Support your answer by drawing and equations?
d. The using of DGPS offers improve fix accuracy, over what range and frequency would you expect to receive local area DGPS (LAD) data?

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