Question

Describe 5 health teaching items to prevent them from acquiring cestode infections to be discussed to the following:

a. A group of young professionals who loves sushi and everything raw and Japanese

b. A group of fishermen who enjoys kinilaw; who believes that the vinegar and chili are enough to kill any form of infection.

c. Association of Dog breeders

d. Busy mothers who are informal settlers along Pasig River

Answer 1

The 5 health teaching items to prevent the individual groups enlisted  from acquiring cestode infections are discussed below:

Introduction:Cestodes are parasitic worms that are generally transmitted into the human body in the form of Larva or eggs  through the faecoral route. They are otherwise called flatworms or tapeworms and are classified as  Platyhelminthes.Food and water contaminated with the feces of the infected animals and the rawmeat of animals like pork, beef, seafood containing the larva and the eggs of the cestodes are the sources of infection in the humans.

a. A group of young professionals who loves sushi and everything raw and Japanese.

Sushi is a Japanese delicacy that is made up of flavoured rice(generally with vinegar )served with raw seafood specially fish or crabs and raw vegetables. The fresh raw meat in Sushi is the source of cestodes infection.

The health teaching that should be discussed with the group of young professionals who loves sushi and everything raw and Japanese to prevent them  from acquiring cestode infection are:

1.There is a risk of acquiring parasitic infection with cestodes  by eating the fresh raw meat or seafood that is served in Sushi and this can cause them severe health problems. they must also be informed that the larva or the eggs of the cestodes in the fresh raw meat or seafood  can stick to the human intestine and proliferate there and form adult worms which causes digestive and absorption problems and ill health.

2.Inorder to avoid infection from Sushi, the meat that must be used in Sushi must be frozen to - 4 degree centigrade for at least 7 days before the serving raw meat . So it must be stored in deep freezer for at least 7 days before it is consumed raw.They must find if the fish has been frozen or not  if they are consuming raw meat with sushi outside

3.If they are consuming the delicacy at a restaurant they must confirm that the outlet has the necessary certifications and the clearance and deep freezing facility for the raw meat or seafood or fish which is recommended and use frozen items for preparation in order to prevent parasitic infestation .

4.In case the freezer facility is not available ,the meat /seafood should be consumed cooked.It  must be cooked it to 145 degrees centigrade in order to kill the parasitic larva and the eggs that  are present to prevent parasitic infestation.

5 They must be educated that The choice should be always between adequately frozen raw fish /meat/seafood or adequately cooked fish /meat/seafood. Fresh Raw fish /meat/seafood in  Sushi should be avoided

6. They must be educated that. marinating the fish /meat/seafood in vinegar or in lime juice or citrus  solutions does not kill the larva and the eggs of the parasite and should not be taken as a substitute measure to proper freezing of raw fish or proper cooking of fish.

7.Standard hygiene precautions like washing the hands frequently with soap and water especially before eating ,avoiding contaminated food and water, boiling the drinking water should be used to to prevent the parasitic infection through the fecooral route if high prevelance of cestode infections exist in their group.

8.They must be educated about the commonest symptoms of parasitic infestation which are abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea ,nausea .vomiting abdominal gas. If they observe any of these symptoms or they experiencing a poor appetite with weight loss and poor general health ;they must immediately seek medical help. Cestode infections can be treated with antiparasitic drugs

b. The 5 health teaching items to be discussed to prevent a group of fishermen who enjoys kinilaw;(who believes that the vinegar and chili are enough to kill any form of infection) from acquiring cestode infections are as follows:

introduction: Kinilaw is a Philippine delicacy that is prepared from raw fish. The word kinilaw literally means eaten raw.The name of the delicacy signifies how the dish is eaten,

  1.The fisherman must be educated that  the marination of the raw fish with Chili and vinegar is not enough to kill the microbes and the parasites in the fish

2.They can get contaminated with larva and eggs of the cestodes present in the raw fish and develop parasitic infestation with severe health problems.They must also be informed that the larva or the eggs present the the raw fish of the kinilaw  preparation  can stick to the human intestine and proliferate there and form adult worms which causes digestive and absorption problems and ill health

3.They must be educated that they should freeze the fish in a deep freezer with the temperatures of minus 4 degree fahrenheit . The minimum requirement for the freezing of the fish at least for a period of 7 days before consuming it Raw.This will kill the larve or parasitic eggs.

4They must be educated that.the home freezers generally have temperatures uto 0-10 degrees Fahrenheit and are not enough to kill the parasites present in the raw fish. In case  the freezer facility is not available ,the fish  must be consumed only after cooking it thoroughly  at 145 degrees Fahrenheit to prevent parasitic and microbial infection

5.Standard hygiene precautions like washing the hands frequently with soap and water especially before eating ,avoiding contaminated food and water, boiling the drinking water should be used to to prevent the parasitic infection through the fecooral route if high prevelance of cestode infections exist in the neighbourhood.

6.They must be educated about the commonest symptoms of parasitic infestation which are abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea ,nausea .vomiting abdominal gas. If they observe any of these symptoms or they experiencing a poor appetite with weight loss and poor general health ;they must immediately seek medical help. Cestode infections can be treated with antiparasitic drugs

c. Association of Dog breeders:

The members of the association must be given the following health teaching inorder to prevent cestode infections as they are at high risk of such infections.

1.They must be educated that dogs can harbor tapeworm infestattions. The parasite thrives in the intestine of  the dogs and can be excreted in the dogs faeces and the dog breeders  are at risk of cestode infection.

2. Since dog breeders work in close contact with dogs,they must be made aware that they can get infected if they get contaminated with the feces of the dogs.They should be educated that the contact with the dogs feces predisposes them to risk of tapeworm parasitic infestation and hydatid cyst disease . they must also be informed that the larva or the eggs present in the dog feces can stick to the human intestine and proliferate there and form adult worms which causes digestive and absorption problems and ill health.

3 They should be educated to maintain .proper personal hygiene, washing of hands with soap and water after handling the dogs to prevent accidental ingestion of the parasitic eggs or larva.

4.They should take precautions to avoid contamination of the food or water that is consumed  at the workplace, with the dog feces.

5.They must be taught that If the dog has tapeworm infestation(poor eating,sick,lethargy) he must be isolated as the infection can spread from one dog to another through the flea bites and must be treated properly for the infestation by a veternary.

6. Standard hygiene precautions like washing the hands frequently with soap and water especially before eating ,avoiding contaminated food and water, boiling the drinking water should be used to to prevent the parasitic infection through the fecooral route if high prevelance of cestode infections exist in the dogs and among the members of the dog breeders associations..

7 They must be educated about the commonest symptoms of parasitic infestation which are abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea ,nausea .vomiting abdominal gas. If they observe any of these symptoms or they experiencing a poor appetite with weight loss and poor general health ;they must immediately seek medical help.Cestodes infections can be treated with antiparasitic drugs

d. Busy mothers who are informal settlers along Pasig River

introduction:Pasig River is the river which runs through the capital city of Philippines Manila. It is one of the highly polluted rivers it drains the pollutants from the factories,from the various poultry and the swine establishments in the City as well as the sewage of the informal settlers on the bank and tends to be a highly polluted river.

1.The busy mothers settled along the Pasig must be made aware that the river may be contaminated with the feaces of the Pig or poultry  or persons infected with tapeworms as it drains the various poultry and the swine establishments in the City as well as the sewage of the other informal settlers on the bank, Consumption of the river water or fish can cause parasitic cestode infections.

2.They must be educated that  if the water is consumed without boiling or filtering there is possibility of infection in their household with cestodes and other parasites and microbes infestation causing severe health problems. they must also be informed that the larva or the eggs present in water or contaminated fish can stick to the human intestine and proliferate there and form adult worms which causes digestive and absorption problems and ill health in their family and neighbourhood.

3.Swimming or bathing in the river with accidental ingestion of the polluted water can cause cestode infections and must be avoided.

4.They must be educated that the consumption of the fresh raw  fish caught from the river for food can also cause parasitic cestode infection.Hence raw fish from the river must not be consumed fresh.The fish must be either frozen at minus 4 degree centigrade for 7 days or cooked to 145 degrees  fahrenheit to kill the parasitic eggs and larva

5.If water from the river is used for domestic purposes it must be strained, filtered and boiled before use to kill the parasitic eggs and larva

6.Standard hygiene precautions like washing the hands frequently with soap and water especially before eating ,avoiding contaminated food and water, boiling the drinking water should be used to to prevent the parasitic infection through the fecooral route

7.They must be educated about the commonest symptoms of parasitic infestation which are abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea ,nausea .vomiting abdominal gas. If they observe any of these symptoms or they experiencing a poor appetite with weight loss and poor general health ;they must immediately seek medical help. Cestodes infections can be treated with antiparasitic drugs