Question

1. Describe vital signs of a healthy individual. What are the normal ranges?
2. What might the vital signs in a patient with COVID be? Use the scholarly sources to complete a brief search. Include the reference in APA format of the resources you utilized.
3. What causes oxygenation and subsequent pulse oximetry to be low in a patient with COVID?
4. What interventions do nurses employ with critically ill COVID patients?
5. Think about what you have learned so far in the semester. What other concepts can be applied to the care of a patient diagnosed with COVID?

Answer 1

Vital signs

Vital signs  give an accurate knoelwdge about an individuals physiological status.They are also known as "cardinal signs".It also give an information related the functioning of the internal organs.Normal vital signs may change with age ,sex, gender,weight, activity,etc.

There are mainly 4 components in the vital signs;

1. Body temperature
2. Pluse rate
3. Respiration rate
4. Blood pressure

*Body temperature:

• Body temperature is usually measure degree celsius( C) and fahrenhit.(F)
• normal body temperature is 36-38 degree C(98.6 degree F).
• When the body temperature is above 100,(fever) occur mainly due to infection.
• Increased body temperature, named as Hyperthermia while decreased body temperature ,named as Hypothermia .
• Oral (37*C), Rectal(37,5*C),Axilla(36.5*C),Tympanic(37*C) are the different site to asses body temperature.
• fourmula to convert C to F_

C=(F-32)*5/9

F=9/5*c+32

*Pluse rate:

• ​​​​​​​Pluse rate is the number of heart beats per minute
• Pluse rate is usually measure in beats per minute(bpm).
• Normal pluse rate is 60-100bpm
• Pluse rate indicate the functioning of the heart
• Pluse rate may fluctuate with eccercise ,illness,injury, mainly in emotions.
• Heart rate below 60bpm termed as bradycardia and heart beat above 100bpm is termed as tachycardia.

*Respiration:

• Respiration is the rate of breaths per minute
• Respiration is measure in breaths per minute(bpm)
• Normal range is 12_20bpm
• Respiratory rate below 12 or above 25 consider as abnormal

*Blood pressure

• Blood pressure is the pressure created in wall of the areteries by the circulating blood
• Normal range is 120/80 mmHg
• Bp is mainly measure in millimeters of mercury
• two type are there;Systolic(highest pressure ),Diastolic(lowest pressure).
• Bp above 140/90mmHg is consider as abnormal and is termed as Hypertension
• Bp beloe 90/60mmHg is consider as abnormal and is termed as Hypotension.