Question

what are the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with the fluid and electrolyte problems present?

blood pressure is 176/92

with a heart rate of 75. An S3 heart sound is present.

Auscultation of his lungs indicates crackles halfway up the back.

serum sodium is 130 mEq/dL and serum potassium is 6.5 mEq/dL,

Answer 1

Fluid and electrolyte balance are very important for our body to keep our body and mind health. There are problems when the body faces with imbalance in electrolyte, higher level of it can be treated by its antidote and a low side can be dealt with correction.

The S3 sound in heart and crackles sound while auscultation indicates that the client is having congenital heart failure. From S3 sound itself it is clear and while auscultating a crackles sound heard from the tip of the lungs to upper.

Normal value of sodium is 135 to 145mEq/L and the normal value of potassium is 3.6 to 5.2

From the question itself it is clear that the patient is having hypertension, higher heart rate, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.

PATHOLOGY

Congenital heart failure ----> increased heart rate---> fluid accumulation in the body which diluted the sodium---> lowering range of sodium---> hypertension.

The treatment for congenital heart failure medications including beta blockers and ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) cause hyperkalemia.