Question

a)“Ketone bodies” are found in the blood of humans in a large amount:following a bout of deep breathing.True/False?

b)“Ketone bodies” are found in the blood of humans in a large amount:during starvation. True/False?

c) “Ketone bodies” are found in the blood of humans in a large amount:in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.True/False?

d)“Ketone bodies” are found in the blood of humans in a large amount:immediately following a prolonged bout of vigorous exercise.True/False?

e)Fatty acid biosynthesis involves:sulfhydryl groups.True/False?

f)Fatty acid biosynthesis involves:coenzyme A.True/False?

g)Fatty acid biosynthesis involves:acyl carrier protein. True/False?

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Answer 1

Question a)

This statement is FALSE (Regarding deep breathing)

Reason : Ketone bodies are formed during starvation, vigorous exercise, in diabetes mellitus patient, in alcoholism and when someone is on a very controlled carbohydrates diet. Deep breathing will supply a large amount of oxygen without straining the muscles or body so there will be no Ketone bodies.

Question b)

This statement is TRUE (Regarding starvation)

Reason :- During starvation, fats from adipose tissue is released into the body and is taken up by those cells which have Mitochondria. Now because the blood glucose levels are low, liver will also be performing Gluconeogenesis to generate glucose and it will use the body's reserve of Oxaloacetate. Now oxaloacetate is also required by the cells for B-oxidation of fatty acids but since there's no oxaloacetate available in the liver cells, the Acetyl-CoA is diverted to other processes where it is converted into acetone. This acetone is a Ketone body.

Question C)

This statement is TRUE (Regarding Diabetes mellitus)

Reason : In diabetic patients, low levels of insulin leads to release of fatty acids from adipose tissues and they stimulate the Gluconeogenesis too which results in the formation of Ketone bodies in a mechanism just like I described above. But since this low level is not due to insulin insufficiency for a small time but rather for almost always as it is a medical condition, this will lead to high amount of Ketone bodies in the body. This results in change in blood pH and it us termed as Ketoacidosis.

Question D)

This statement is TRUE (Regarding strenuous exercise)

Reason :- During strenuous exercise, an individual burn through all the available carbohydrate reserve and this may again stimulate the production of Carbohydrates through Gluconeogenesis. Similarly like I mentioned in question B, this will leads to higher Ketone body count in the blood due to liver's preference for Gluconeogenesis instead of fatty acid metabolism.

Question E)

This statement is TRUE (Regarding Sulfhydryl groups in fatty acid synthesis)

Reason :- In fatty acid biosynthesis, the elongation step requires a sulfhydryl group as chain of fatty acid is elongated by condensing the existing Chain with malonyl ACP and this Malonyl ACP have sulfhydryl group.

Question F)

This statement is TRUE (Regarding Coenzyme A)

Reason :- CoA is used in biosynthesis of Fattu acids as CoA in form of Acyl-CoA is used in transfer of Fattu acids. It transfer them from Cytoplasm to Mitochondria where the biosynthesis of Fatty acid occur.

Question G)

This statement is TRUE

Reason:- Acyl carrier protein is an important part of Fatty acid synthesis. It catalyzes the addition of a thioester to a phosphopantetheine moiety. This results in the further elongation of the Fatty acid chain.