Question

Research at least three (3) achievements of epidemiology for the past years, aside from the ones mentioned in the discussion. Using your own words, narrate each event briefly and discussed the role of epidemiology in the said events.

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION

- Epidemiology is a branch of science which deals with the study of frequency and distribution of health and diseases inorder to find out risk factors,causative agents,distributions etc in polulation for prevention and control.

-EPI- Means on or upon

  -DEMOS-Means people

-LOGOS-Means knowledge

OBJECTIVES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

-To identify the etiological factors or risk factors

-To determine the extent of disaeases

-To study the natural history and prognosis rates of diseases

-To develop preventive measure and therapeutic regimens

-To identify the mechanism of transmission

- At the end of twentieth century,the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,has published a list of TEN notable public health acheivements including;

-VACCINATION

-MOTOR-VEHICLE SAFETY

-SAFER WORKPLACES

-CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

-DECLINE IN DEATH FROM CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES AND STROKE

-SAFER AND HEALTHIER FOODS

-HEALTHIER MOTHERS AND BABIES

-FAMILY PLANNING

-FLOURIDATION OF DRINKING WATER

-RECOGNITION OF TOBACCO USE AS A HEALTH HAZARDS

THREE ACHEIVEMENTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN UNITED STATES(2001-2011)

-Prevention and control of infectious diseases

-Cardio-vascular disease prevention

-Cancer prevention

1-Prevention and control of infectious diseases

-Controlling zoonotic diseases

-Implemntation of new blood donor screening test for viral infection

-Implementation of life saving treatments and emergency measures

-HIV testing----Screening test is mandatory in persons ages between 13-64

-List down the contaminated foods rapidly and taken preventive measures for further spreading

-Have put investments in disease surveillance process

-Implementation of EBP( evidence based practices),advanced lab techniques,and technologies

-Decline the spread of blood stream infections

-There was 30% reduction of tuberculosis

-There was significant progress in controlling infectious diseases

2-Cardio-vascular disase prevention

-Importance of primary prevention in coronary artery diseases

-Health education about life style modifications

-Vigorous physical activity may cause coronary artery disaese

-Importance of dietary modifications

-Improvement of quality of care

-Improvements in treatment modalities and medications

-The major risk factors are uncontrolled diabetes mllitus,elevated cholesterol and smoking

3- Cancer prevention

-Identify the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors

-Recommendation of evidence based screening tests

-Decreased mortality rates from colorectal cancer,female breast cancer and cervical cancer

-Early detection of cancer

-Increased uses and quality of cancer screening tests

-Implementation of cervical screenig services

-Identification of hormonal and infectious influence on cancer

-Origin of protective workplace clothings

-Influence of tobacco smoking on lung cancer

-The collaborative effort of federal,state and local health agencies

-Fund rising for cancer treatments

-Preventive measures of scrotal cancer

-Decreased colorectal death rates

-Health teaching on etiologies ,incidence,treatments,and prognosis

ROLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

-To identify the causes of disaese

-To identify the frequency,distribution,risk factors,control measures ,preventive measures,etc

-To study natural history

To understand the disaese process

-Evaluation of interventions

-Community diagnosis

   -Working of health services such as efficiency,efficacy,effectivness

-Public health activities

-Surveillance

-Disease investigations

  -Community health assessment

-Screeening

CONCLUSION

Epidemiology is the study f association between AGENT,HOST and ENVIORNMENT,Its help to promote the health of an individual,society or community

"THE PURPOSE OF OUR LIVES IS TO BE HAPPY"

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