Question

what are the OR instruments in major surgery and its use

Answer 1

1. Cutting and dissecting instrument

• Scalpels, scissors, and saws are the most traditional
• Elevators can be both cutting and lifting/retracting
• Although the term dissection is broad energy devices such as diathermy/cautery are often used as more modern alternatives
• .2.Grasping or holding instruments:

1. • Classically this included forceps and clamps predominantly
   • Roughly forceps can be divided in traumatic (tissue crushing) and atraumatic (tissue preserving, such as Debakey's)
   • Numerous examples are available for different purposes by field
2. Hemostatic instruments:
   • This includes instruments utilized for the cessation of bleeding
   • Artery forceps are a classic example in which bleeding is halted by direct clamping of a vessel
   • Sutures are often used, aided by a needle holder
   • Cautery and related instruments are used with increasing frequency in high resource countries
3. Retractors:
   • Surgery is often considered to be largely about exposure
   • A multitude of retractors exist to aid in exposing the bodies cavities accessed during surgery
   • These can broadly be hand held (often by a junior assistant) or self retaining
   • Elevators can be both cutting and lifting/retracting
4. Tissue unifying instruments and materials:
   • This would include instruments that aid in tissue unification (such as needle holders or staple applicators)
   • And the materials themselves