Question

1. Compare and contrast oral, written, and nonverbal communication. Please give an example of how each might be used.

2. Identify and describe in your own words, at least 4 common barriers to effective communication.

3. Contrast task, relationship, and process conflict, and give an example of how they are functional or dysfunctional or both.

4a) Identify the five steps in the negotiation process, and

4b) Discuss what might be individual differences in negotiator effectiveness.

Answer 1

1. Compare and contrast oral, written, and nonverbal communication. Please give an example of how each might be used.

Basis	Oral	Written	Non-Verbal
Meaning	Oral Commination is the way of communicating information through the mouth.	Written Communication is the way to communicate information through written words.	Non-Verbal Communication without words, it uses gestures, eye, tone, etc.
Nature	Not Permanent Nature	Permanent Nature	Not Permanent Nature
Cost	It is Low-Cost Communication	It is High-Cost Communication	It is Low-Cost Communication
Time	It is Less time-consuming communication Process.	It is a time-consuming communication Process.	It is Less time-consuming communication Process.
Tool	Mouth, Electronic Media	Paper, Email, etc.	Gestures, Tone, etc.
Example	Communication on Telephone.	Review Mail received from the boss	Communicate with Deaf People etc.

2. Identify and describe in your own words, at least 4 common barriers to effective communication.

The barrier of Communication that breaks and affects the communication process effectively

Barriers to Effective Communication

1. Semantic Barriers

Semantic Barrier means when the receiver unable to understand the words of the Sender. Due to many reasons- Difficult Word Use, Multiple Meaning of Same words, etc. It creates communication disturbing and increases the chance of misunderstanding the message.

2. Organizational Barriers

Organizational Barriers arise due to the structure of the organization, relationship of Supervisor and subordinate, rule and regulation of the company. It arises due to the organization structure and it can be removed by doing some changes in the organization.

3. Personal Barrier

Personal Barrier is arisen due to the attitude, knowledge, understanding of the Receiver. If the receiver doesn't want to listen to his boss then it creates a personal barrier and it depends on the Person how he reacts with communication.

4. Physical Barrier

Physical barrier arises due to the environment and surrounding of the Communication Place. It affects directly communication understanding. For Example Noise, Dim Light, Less Space of Every Person, etc.

3. Contrast task, relationship, and process conflict, and give an example of how they are functional or dysfunctional or both.

Basis	Task Conflict	Relationship Conflict	Process Conflict
1. Meaning	Task Conflict arises due to the goal and content of the Task.	Relation Conflict arises due to different personalities.	Process conflict arises due to the work process of doing a job
2. Based	Based on the Task of Organization.	Based on the Organization Structure and Hierarchies.	Based on the Process of doing work.
3. Example	Failure of New Product in the Market.	Separation of Two Business partners	Failure to Deliver Goods to Customer Timely
4. Functional or dysfunctional	Functional conflict	Always dysfunctional	Low Functional

Functional Conflict: It supports the Goal of Business organization.

Dysfunctional Conflict: It creates the issue to support organizational goals.

4a) Identify the five steps in the negotiation process, and

Negotiation

Negotiation is the process of doing bargaining with the second party to reach on specific agreements. It's important at the time of Purchase of Raw Material, Bargain for Remuneration, etc.

Negotiation Steps

1. Identify and Prepare Plan: Its help to analysis that what negotiator wants from another party

2. Understand the Second Party: The second step is to understand the need and bargaining power of the other party.

3. Design Options: Plan your strategy what you want to get and how you can get.

4. Offer and Accept: Offer the deal to party and accept.

5. Final Decision: Take Final Decision and close the deal

4b) Discuss what might be individual differences in negotiator effectiveness.

There are lots of Individual Difference in Negotiator Effectiveness

1. Negotiator Personality: Personality of Negotiator means the attitude, Confidence and knowledge and how they react to the bargaining. It helps to make the negotiation Effective.

2. Gender & Age: Male and Female thoughts are different. Senior citizens much active in negotiation due to their experience as compared to young generations.

3. Negotiator Emotions: Negotiator Emotion plays an important role in the Negotiation, how they express their feelings and anger etc.

4. Negotiator Culture: Culture affects the Negotiation like Belief and Customs of Negotiator.

All the very best