Question

An older adult suffers sleep disturbances and pain. What are the benefits of sleep and what are three effective and acceptable interventions for older adults in that case?

Answer 1

As we age we often experience normal changes in sleep pattern such as becoming sleepy earlier, waking up earlier or experiencing less deep sleep. However sleep disturbance tired everyday.

What are benefits of sleep :-

A good night sleep is incredibly important not only for elderly people but also for everyone.

In fact it is so important as healthy eating, exercise and personal hygiene.

1. Poor sleep is linked to the weight gain :- people with short sleep pattern tends to weight significantly more than those who get adequate sleep. in fact it also prevent from obesity. The effect of sleep on weight gain is believed to be mediated by numerous factors including hormone and exercise

2. Good sleeper tends to eat fewer calories :- sleep deprived individual gave a bigger appetite and tends to eat more calories. Sleep disturbance disrupt the daily fluctuation in appetite hormones and is believed to cause poor appetite regulations.

This include the higher level of ghrelin ,the hormone that stimulate appetite and reduce level. Of leptin the hormone that suppress the appetite.

3. Good sleep can improve productivity and concentrations power :- sleep is important for the various function of the brain. This include cognitive, concentration, productivity and performance. All of these are negatively affected by the sleep deprivation.

And good sleep also improve problem. Solving skills and enhance memory performance.

4 good sleep. Can enhance ethletic performance :-   sleep. Also has been shown enhance ethletic performance. Longer sleep has been shown to improve many aspect of athletic and physical performance.

5. Poor sleeper has a greater risk of heart disease and stroke :- sleep quality and duration can have a major effect on many health risk factor . These are the factors believed to drive chronic disease like heart disease. Sleep less than 7 to 8 hours per night is linked to an increase risk of heart disease and stroke.

7 sleep affect glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes risk :- sleep restriction affect blood glucose and reduce insulin sensitivity. Poor sleep habits also linked to adverse effect on blood sugar in general. population. Sleep. Deprecation can cause pre-diabetes in healthy adult in as little as 6 days

8 poor sleep. Is linked to depression :- mental health issues such as depression are strongly linked to poor sleep quality and sleeping disorders. It has been estimated that 90 percentage of the people with depression complain about the sleep.disturbance.

Poor sleep. Even. Increase the risk of death by suicide. Those with the sleep disorder like insomnia or obstructive sleep apnea also report significantly higher rate of depression than those without.

8 sleep. Improve the immune function :- even small loss in sleep can show significantly decrease in immunity. Getting at least 8 hours of sleep can improve your immune function .

9 poor sleep is linked to inflammation :- sleep can have a major effect on inflammation in your body. In fact sleep loss is known to activate undesirable markers of inflammation and cell damage.

10. Sleep affect emotional and social interaction :- sleep loss reduces your ability to social interaction. Sleep deprivation may reduce your social skills and ability to recognize people emotional. Expression.

Effective and acceptable interventions in the elderly patients with This problem (sleep disturbance) :-

Intervention include behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapy ,lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy.

1.Behavioral therapy include sleep restriction

and stimulus control intervention as well as sleep hygiene and relaxation . Sleep restriction involve reducing time in bed to the time individual is actually able to sleep until sleep efficiently improve. Next, time in bed is gradually increase until the patient is able to fill the desired time in bed with consolidated sleep. Alternatively sleep compression gradually reduction in time spent In bed to the amount of the time individual is actually sleep as compared to an immediate shift.

Stimulus control intervention aim to reassociate bed and bed time with sleep And to reduce the arousal and frustration related to lying in bed unable to sleep. Stimulus control technique include the going to bed only when tired ,leaving the bed if unable to fall asleep within 15 to 20 minutes. And walk at a consistent time at morning.

2. Benzodiazepine receptors agonist categorized as hypnotics benzodiazepine and non benzodiazepine hypnotics have been shown to be effective for the short term treatment of the insomnia complain such as sleep onset latency , number of nighttime awakening , total sleep time and sleep. Quality but there is no evidence of there effecticeness in the long term. Because there is no evidence of long term use of these medications particularly by the older adult because long term use can lead to potent side effects such as dependence, depression and dementia

3. Melatonin supplement and synthetic melatonin agonist have both been shown to improve sleep in older adult with insomnia. Melatonin supplement are take one or two hour before sleep to stimulate time the peak release of the melatonin

Tell the patient about sleep hygiene and personal hygiene also which will improve the self awareness and confidence.

Note :- in this case the patient is also experiencing pain and the pain is also a major risk factor for sleep deprivation. So pain management will be the most effective intervention for induce sleep. For pain management mind diversional therapies can be used such as encourage patient to particate in his or her favourite activity such as singing, dancing ,role playing or watching TV etc.  

For pain management you can give analgesics as prescribed by the physician.