In: Statistics and Probability
Statewide Auto Insurance believes that for every trip longer than 10 minutes that a teenager drives, there is a 1 in 1,000 chance that the drive will results in an auto accident. Assume that the cost of an accident can be modeled with a beta distribution with an alpha parameter of 1.5, a beta parameter of 3, a minimum value of $500, and a maximum value of $20,000.
USING EXCEL - Construct a simulation model to answer the following questions.
a. If a teenager drives 500 trips longer than 10 minutes, what
is the average cost resulting from accidents? Provide a 95%
confidence interval on this mean.
b. If a teenager drives 500 trips longer than 10 minutes, what is
the probability that the total cost from accidents will exceed
$8,000? Provide a 95% confidence interval on this
proportion.
SOLUTION:-
The probability that a random trip longer that 10 minutes that a teenager drives will result in an auto accident is 1/000=0.001
Let X be the number of trips, out of 500 trips longer that 10 minutes that a teenager drives, that result in an auto accident.
X has a Binomial distribution with parameters, number of trials n=500 and probability of success(the probability of having an accident) p=0.001.
We will use excel function =BINOM.INV(500,0.001,RAND()) to simulate X, the number of accidents
Let Y be the cost of an accident. Y has a beta distribution with parameters alpha=1.5 and beta=3 and a minimum value of $500 and a maximum value of $20000
We will use the excel function =BETA.INV(RAND(),1.5,3,500,20000) to generate the cost of an accident
The total cost from X accidents is C=X*Y
Prepare the following sheet
copy the rows to make 1000 trials. Paste the Number of accidents (X) and Cost of accident (Y) as values to avoid changes
Get the following
a) Get the average cost of 500 trips by taking the average of 1000 simulated values of the total cost
Let be a random variable indicating the the sample average cost of a randomly selected set of 1000 trials.
Due to CLT, we know that has a normal distribution with mean = and
standard error where s is the standard deviation of the total cost
The critical value of z is obtained for 95% confidence interval using
.
We get , using the standard normal tables or excel function =NORM.INV(1-0.025,0,1)
95% confidence interval of mean cost is
Prepare the following
Get this
ans: Average Cost $ 3,539
Provide a 95% confidence interval on this mean
ans:
Lower Bound: $ 3,164
Upper Bound: $ 3,914
b) The probability that the total cost from accidents will exceed $8,000 is
Using CLT we can say that the distribution of proportion can be approximated by a normal distribution.
The standard error of proportion is
The critical value of z is obtained for 95% confidence interval using
.
We get , using the standard normal tables or excel function =NORM.INV(1-0.025,0,1)
95% confidence interval of mean cost is
Prepare the following
get the following
ans: Probability(Accident Cost>$8,000) = 19.2%
Provide a 95% confidence interval on this proportion
ans:
Lower Bound: 16.8%
Upper Bound: 21.6%