Question

Q.Which of the following animals would we expect to have the shortest loop of Henle?

a. A desert rodent.

b. A goldfish.

c. A duck.

d. A guinea pig.

e. A tuna.

Q. The principal site of ADH action is:

a. the proximal convoluted tubule.

b. the descending .

c. as urine flows in the loop, a concentration gradient is established in the medulla.

d. the distal convoluted tubule.

e. the collecting duct.

Q.

The intracellular fluids in the body:

a. have the same composition as plasma.

b. is hypotonic to extracellular fluid.

c. determines the composition of extracellular fluids.

d. have a fixed water concentration.

e. differ from cell type to cell type.

Q.

Which of the following animals is most likely to excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of urea or uric acid?

a. Freshwater fishes

b. Saltwater fishes

c. Amphibian tadpoles

d. Shrimp

e. Butterfly caterpillar

Answer 1

Q1) option e)The Loop of henle is a U shaped portion of the kidney that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney.The primary function of the loop of henle appears to be the recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine .So ,the long the loop of henle helps to minimise water loss and maximize reabsorption .In marine environmment, there is no lack of water and water loss is not a big issue as water is available everywhere .So there is not required to minimise water loss and maximize reabsorption.So the shortest loop of henle will be found in an organism living in marine ecosystem which is from the following option is tuna .

Q2)option d)Antidiuretic hormone controls and regulates the proper concentration of water in urine .Itis also called vasopressin.It constrict blood vessels with rise in blood pressure .It also acts on the kidney in increasing reabsotption of water from the kidney tubules .If ADH secretion increases ,production of yrine increases .ADH main action is to regulate the volume and osmolarity in the urine .Specifically,it acts on the distal convoluted tubule .

Q3)option a) The intra cellular cells in the body have same composition as plasma .Intracellular fluids contains mostly water,dissolved ions ,small molecules and large water soluble molecule such as protein and plasma consist of 90% water ,10% ions,proteins ,dissolved gases ,nutrients ,wastes etc.  .Blood can be discussed in terms of their specific fluid compartment .The intracellular fluid is the system that includes all fluids enclosed in cells by their plasma membrane ..Extracellular fluids surrounds all cell in the body .Extracellular fluid has two primary components :- plasma and interestitial fluid that surrounds all cells not in the blood .

Q4) option e)The following animal which is most likely to rexcrete nitrogenous waste as urea or uric acid is butterfly caterpillar which is an terristrial arthopod ..They are invertibrates .