Question

Cloning

What are the potential outcomes of this innovation for patients, the health care system, the costs of health care, and health providers?

Answer 1

CLONING

Cloning is the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism

Cloning happens all the time in nature. In biomedical research, cloning is broadly defined to mean the duplication of any kind of biological material for scientic study, such as a piece of DNA or an individual cell

Reproductive cloning is defined as the deliberate production of genetically identical individuals. Each newly produced individual is a clone of the original. Monozygotic twins are natural clones. Clones containing identical sets of genetic material in the nucleus of every cells in their bodies

Thus cells from two clones have the same DNA and the same genes in their nuclei.

APPLICATIONS

• In medicine, cloned bacteria plays important role for the synthesis of vitamins, hormones and antibiotics
• Agricultural applications
• Cloning in bacteria facilitates nitrogen fixation in plants

POTENTIAL OUTCOMES OF INNOVATIONS FOR PATIENTS, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, THE COSTS OF HEALTH CARE AND HEALTH PROVIDERS

• Technology innovations stand to benefit patients and the healthcare system in two dramatic ways. Already several examples of such innovation are driving improved patient outcomes while simultaneously reducing the cost to deliver care.
• US healthcare costs are rapidly rising but patient outcomes remain poor. Relative to other OECD countries,the US spends significantly more as a percentage of GDP , yet on average,we die sooner and lose more quality years of life
• While the factors contributing to this paradox are complex, the combined objectives of achieving better outcomes and lower cost of care should impact behaviour for all participants, including patients, payers and providers
• Enabling much of this critical behaviour change, new healthcare technology is equipping health care providers with actionable insights about patients before their health deteriorates.
• Innovations ranging from telemedicine technology to bigdata analytics in healthcare are enabling providers to more efficiently provide patient care, while avoiding wasteful costs and adverse patient outcomes

INNOVATIONS DISRUPTING THE MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE

• Virtual reality or AR/MR/VR in healthcare
• Nanomedicine
• 3D printing
• Internet of medical things or IoT
• Precision medicine