Question

Describe the factors affecting urinary elimination:

Hypotension:

Infection:

Loss of body fluid:

Medications:

Answer 1

Factors affecting Urinary Elimination :

Urinary Elimination is act of discharging urine from the body.   Kidneys are responsible for the production and excretion of urine. Major problems associated with urinary elimination are Urinary retention and urinary incontinence, dysuria, oliguria , anuria etc. Many factors are there, that influence the urine production and urinary elimination:

* Hypotension :

The disease or disorder of abnormally low blood pressure is called Hypotension. Low blood pressure , especially due to haemorrhage , may decrease the blood flow to the kidney and may decrease urine production .

* Infections:

Infection is the lodgement and multiplication of microorganisms in the body. Infections, especially urinary tract infections may cause changes in urine ( turbidity, presence of RBC or epithelial and pus cells) and dysuria ( painful micturition) . Main urinary tract infections are Cystitis- inflammation of bladder, urethritis- inflammation of Urethra . This infection may mainly occur due to bacteria E.Coli.

* Loss of body fluid:

Loss of body fluid may be due to vomiting, diarrhoea or due to less intake of water, dehydration etc. More Amount of fluid intake can increase urinary elimination. Dehydration and loss of fluids may decrease urinary output. In case of dehydration, kidney may retain more water in the body by reducing urine production.

* Medications:

Medications may influence urine production. Diuretics are the drugs that increase urine production and urinary elimination. Thus reducing water retention in the body and reduces blood pressure.

Medications may change the colour of the urine .

Other factors that influence urinary elimination are: medical conditions ( Diabetes Mellitus- increases urimation), psychological conditions, hormonal influence, any obstruction like tumour or calculi- causes urinary retention,  disease of nervous system (causes urinary incontinence) etc.