Question

What do the terms PMS and menopause represent?

Describe the cervical cancer, the diagnosis, and the stages, the role of Papanicolau Test (Pap Test).

Describe the STDs of the reproductive tract: gonorrhea, syphilis, Chlamydiosis, HS 1 &2.

Answer 1

PMS:-Premenstrual syndrome refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur in 1-2 weeks before a woman's period.Symptoms often vary between women and resolve arount the start of bleeding.Eg.Acne,Tenderbreasts,bloating,feeling tired.

Menopause:-Also known as climetric.

It is time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently.They are no longer able to bear children.Occurs between 48-52 yrs of age.

Cervical cancer:-

It is the cancer arising from the cervix.It is due to abnormal growth of cells that have ability to invade or spread other parts of the body.

Symptoms:-Vaginal bleeding Pelvic pain

Causative agent:-Human papillomavirus infection(HPV)

Diagnosis:-Pap test

This test include scraping of some mucous from cervix and analyzing it.

Biopsy,loop electrical excision procedure and cervical conization are some other methods of diagnosis.

Role of pap test:-

Tests for presence of precancerous or cancerous cells on cervix.

This test helps in deciding on the basis of results whether to proceed for it or not.For eg.the person having partial hysterctomy has to go for it but the person who did not had intercourse ever need not to go fo it.

Disease	Cause	Symptoms	Treatment
Chlamydia:-Infection of mucous membrane lining genitals.	Vaginal or anal intercourse or from infected mother to baby.	Women have no symptoms but can have pain during intercourse and males may have discharge from genitals	Antibiotics
Gonorrhea:-Bacterial infection of genitals.throat or anus.	Intercourse or from infected mother to child	pain in intercourse and discharge in women and urinating pain and discharge in males	Antibiotics.
Syphilis:-Bacterial infection entering through breaks on skin or genitals HS1 and HS2 Oral and genital herpes result in pain and sores.	Exchange of body fluids. By Herpes simplex virus,c aused by exchange in body fluids	Painless ulcers,rash,hair loss,swollen glands Painful blisters	Antibiotics and blood testing No cure is their,prevention is better.