Question

I want project answer

case about (Diabetes)

• Clinical signs and symptoms
  • Objective
    • Physical assessment
    • Laboratory tests
    • Any diagnostic procedures
  • Subjective

THANK YOU ...

Answer 1

DIABETES

1. Clinical signs and symptoms:

a) Type1 Diabetes (Juvenile diabetes) -

Whole body - excessive thirst, fatigue, hunger or sweating

Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

Urinary - excessive urination

Other - blurred vision, frequent infections, headache, increased heart rate

b) Type2 Diabetes(adult onset diabetes) -

Whole body - excessive thirst and hunger, fatigue

Weight - weight gain or loss

Other - frequent urination, blurred vision, poor wound healing

2. Objective:

a) The general goals of the treatment of diabetes are to avoid acute decompensation, decrease mortality, prevent the appearance of late disease complications and maintain a good quality of life.

b) Good control of glycemia makes it possible to reduce the incidence of microvascular complications like retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.

c) These treatments should be contemplated as part of an integral approach to the combined risk factors present in these patients, such as - arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking.

3. Physical assessment:

a) Obesity ( particularly central)

b) Hypertension

c) Eye-hemorrhages, exudates, ncovascularization.

d) Skin-acanthosis nigricans ( particularly in dark skinned ethnic and racial groups), Candida infection.

e) Feet-dry, claw toes, ulcers and muscular antrophy.

f) Neurologic - decreased or absent light touch, loss of deep tendon reflexes in ankles, temperature sensation and proprioception.

4. Laboratory Tests:

A. Fasting plasma glucose test - it is simply a blood glucose test that is done when a person haven't eaten caloric meal for last 7-8 hours.

Blood glucose levels,

126mg/dL or higher - Diabetic

100-125 mg/dL - Prediabetic

70-99 mg/dL - Normal

B. The oral glucose tolerance test - in this test the person drinks 75 g of Glucose containing solution and blood glucose level is detected after 2 hours. Glucose level of 200mg/dL or higher indicates Diabetes.

C. HbA1c test ( Hemoglobin A1c or glycated hemoglobin) - an HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher indicates Diabetes.

5. Diagnosis and treatment:

a) Healthy eating - foods that are high in nutrition and fiber and low in fat and carbohydrates are recommended.

b) physical exercise

c) insulin injections

d) oral medication - Metformin

6. Subjective :

​​​​​​Patients perception of Diabetes control were determined by subjective cues, such as the perceived impact of Diabetes or adherence to a Diabetes diet which are not related to actual gycemic control.