Question

How DNA mutations could benefit the establishment of races across the globe. Focus on skin color adaptations.

Answer 1

Mutations is one  of the fundamental forces of evolution because it fuels the variability in populations and thus enable evolutionary change in the population.So, Mutation is considered as raw material for variation thus giving a positive affect in establishment of race.
Human skin color is the product of two clines that came into progress along with evolution and was selected by natural selection, High UVR near equator gave rise to photoprotective, rich pigmented race and the othe race produced by requirements of UVB photons that resullted in evolution of depigmented skin.
Skin pigmentation is one of the best examples giving rise to human race helping different races to survive in different climatic conditions and thus, increasing their reproductive and survival rate. Different population shares different mechanism of genetic variation (that depends on mutation, gene flow, natural selection) that involves large number of phenotypes and it affects the population. So, we say DNA mutations can benefit establishment of races.