Question

1)Food borne illnesses may be caused by toxins produced by with organisms:

mushrooms giardia, staff

trichinella, brucella, salmonella

E. coli, dinoflagellates, brucella

e.coli, staphylococcus, botchulinum

2)The principle stated risks associated the genetically modified (GN) foods include all but:

allergenicity

gene escape

genetically resistant pests

transpspecies acclimatization

3)International guidance for food safety is provided by the United Nations Commission for:

Codex Alimentarius

USASD

Food Drugs and Cosmetic

European Unions Food Safety Sub Committee

4) S. dysenteriae and S Sonnei an be transferred to foods by:

unclean utensils

vermin

poor storage practices

food handlers, flies

5) Spores of Clostridium botulinum are present throughout the world in:

air

none of the above

soil

water

Answer 1

1- E.coli, staphylococcus, botulinum

Staphyloccocus aureus present in food and water release harmful toxins called as staph toxins and thereby contaminate the food. Upon ingestion of this contaminated food it may cause vomitting, diarrhoea , nausea, stomach cramps. Clostridium botulinum release spores into to soil and untreated water and causes food poisoning when someone ingests this contaminated water and fruits and vegetables laced with contaminated soil. E.coli food poisoning is caused by ingesting contaminated water and food like uncooked and raw meat.

2- Trans-species acclimatization

Allergenicity refers to the transfer of certain genes from an allergic organism to non- allergic organism may have dire consequences. Gene escape is when some antibiotic resistant genes from the GM food is transfeered to the human cell then it may cause harmful effects on the body upon ingestion like antibody resistance. If the genes are migrated from the GM crop to the normal traditonal crop it may lead to resistance agains certain pests or insects. Trans-species acclimatization is basically the organism or species adjusting to the change in the environment.

3- Codex Alimentarius

The codex alimentarius is the standard reference for dealing with matteres related to international food safety and security. It contains guidelines and code of practise for international food safety. This is to ensure the safety and health of its consumers.

4- Food handlers and flies

The shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei is caused by improper food handling by food handlers which leads to contamination in food thereby causing infection. It can also be transmitted through flies, the fecal matter from a contaminated person gets transferred into the food by means of flies and thereby cause infection.

5- soil

The spores of clostridium botulinum are found in the soil and untreated water throughout the world. They can also be found on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables grown in the soil.