Question

1. What are the two techniques that can be used to accomplish nuclear cell transfer?

a) Somatic Cell Nuclear transfer (SCNT)

b)____________________________

Answer 1

b)Microinjection

Explanation:-It is a technique that can be used to transfer nuclei or to transfer entire nuclei or even oligonucleotides into enucleated eggs as in the case with cloning.With the help of a skilled operator,it can yield close to 100% transfection efficiency.It can be done with the help of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level.The target is often a living cell but may also include intercellular space.Here the needle used to transfer the nuclei gets past the barrier of the cell by poking a hole on it.If the procedure is done correctly,the membrane will close backup when the needle is removed.It is imporatnat that the cell to be injected is in a position where it can be visualized with a microscope.The microscope has a CCD camera that is linked to a monitor to allow for a real time visualization.

More recent examples of animal clonng via nuclear transfer were carried out by microinjection.Case of DOLLY,the sheep was the first published result of clonong using the nuclei transfer via microinjection.