Question

2. Which of the following scenarios is being defended primarily by the innate and adaptive systems respectively: Give reason(s) for each of your choice (2pts)

1A. Sue is given a kidney transplant which is showing signs of rejection _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 1B. Jane complained of having a red, painful swelling on her right arm. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Janet’s daughter appeared to be healthy until about 6 months, when she began to develop severe bacterial infections, one after the other. Those were soon followed by viral infections, constant colds and flu. After a series of tests the doctor told Janet that her daughter has SCID, severe immunodeficiency syndrome. The doctor told Janet that best chance of to saving the baby’s life is a bone marrow transplant. Based on your knowledge of immune system anatomy and physiology: (2pts)

(a) Explain why it took so long (6 months) before the baby’s immune disorder become apparent?

(b) Explain how the bone marrow transplant might help the baby.

Answer 1

1B. Red and painful swelling at right arm indicates innate immunity. Redness and swelling occur in innate immunity componant inflammation. Inflammation is the series of event that recruit cell of immune system to damage tissue site. Due to injury, vessel diameter increases, capillaries nearby the vessel that taken blood away become constricts and engorgement of capillaries cause redness also there is an increase in capillaries permeability so fluids (exudate) come out in the tissue and accumulate and cause swelling. In the last step macrophages come out of vessel and reach at damage tissue site and neutralize the pathogen.

1A . Adaptive system involve in kidney transplant rejection. Rejection is an adaptive immune response via cellular immunity (involve killer T cell inducing apoptosis of target cells) or via humoral immunity (activated B cell secreting Ab molecule) . Immune componant programmed to not react with self componant therefore, transplantaed organ considered as foriegn lead to rejection.

3 a) Baby get partial immunity from their mothers at the time of birth , because IgG antibody cross the placenta and enter into neonatal and mother milk also contain antibodies that provide protection to infants. Within the next few months, their immune system develp and begin assume the responsibility for fighting off infections. Presence of this passive immunity in Janet daughter protect the baby thats why her immune disorder not become apparent untill 6 months. As she has preformed antibodies for protection against pathogen.

b) Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome , is a group of inhertited immune disorders. In this disorder babies have adenosine deaminase deficiency result in absence of function of T and B cells. Transplantation of bone marrow help to replace unhealthy cells with healthy one and restore defective immune system.