Question

Discussion F

orum Module 8 Male Reproductive System: The condition benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH, in which the prostate is enlarged, often results in urinary retention— the inability to completely empty the bladder. Using the medical terminology, write a paragraph explaining the causes, symptoms, signs and treatment of BPH. Female Reproductive System: Sandra has been unable to get pregnant for two years in spite of fertility treatments, and so she is undergoing an exploratory surgical procedure to look for possible anatomical causes of her infertility. What do you think the common three causes? Explain your answers in medical terms

Answer 1

BENIGHN PROSTATIC HYPOPLASIA (BPH)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called an enlarged prostate, increases the size of the noncancerous prostate. To include the symptoms of frequent urination, the urethra is the beginning of the problem, the weak things in the river, it does not, the inability to urinate or the loss of bladder control,

SYMPTOMS- BPH

When the prostate enlarges, it can bother to block the bladder. Needing to urinate more often is a common symptom of BPH. 1 to 2 hours every day on this particular night.

Other symptoms include:

    * That feeling of full bladder and urethra
    * Feeling diuretics' 'I can't wait' or feeling cannot control urination

    * Frequent or urgent need to urinate.
    * With more frequency of urination at night (nocturia)
* Difficulty starting to urinate.
    * Urine is weak or current flow to the tongue.
    * The end of the motors is destined to drip.
    * Inability to completely empty the bladder
    * A weak flow of urine,
    * Need to stop and start urinating several times
    * Trouble starting to urinate
    * Trouble starting to urinate
    * Need to urinate and push

CAUSES - BPH

It is not well understood that it is the cause of BPH. Some people believe that the factors and researchers brought to the testicles, and to do that, they want BPH. This will not develop in both men. EPH's testes were removed before puberty.Risk factors include family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, exercise is not enough; , and like erectile dysfunction. Pseudoephedrine, anticholinergics, and calcium channel blockers can worsen the underlying mechanism that involves symptoms. It could also easily lead to the urethra that the prostate presses into the tube to pass from the urine bladder. Infection is usually most of the signs and exams after ruling out other causes.

For souls it produces testosterone, the male hormone and estrogen are so small, the female hormone. Times as active as men in the amount of testosterone in the blood and lower the head, leaving a higher proportion of estrogens. It does happen, however, that a higher portion of substances from the prostate adds an act of estrogen in growth, studies of BPH have suggested that many developers of the prostate.

Another teaching points to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a male hormone that plays a role in the development and growth of the prostate. Some research has shown that if you run away from even testosterone loss, levels start to drop; successive parts from the top to the DHT to accumulate in the prostate. This encourages you to push to increase your prostate cells to stay faithful. It should be noted that it is not the production of DHT and scientists who did not develop BPH

TREATMENT -BPH

There are a variety of treatments available for an enlarged prostate, including medications, minimally invasive surgery, and treatment. Treatment is the best option for you, it depends on several factors, including:

     * The size of your prostate.
     * age
     * general health
     * The amount of temporary nuisance or nuisance

If the symptoms are tolerable, you decide which is the best treatment, just control your symptoms. For some people, symptoms can be relieved without treatment.

MEDICATIONS:

The most common treatment medication for mild symptoms or moderate enlargement of the prostate. Options will include:

* Alpha-blockers, muscles of the bladder neck to relax muscle fibers in prostate medications, making it difficult to urinate. Alpha blockers, including alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax), and silodosin (Rapaflo), are usually excellent for working quickly in the prostate. No side effects include dizziness and bright conditions in which semen enters the bladder and exits again through the tip of the male reproductive organ(retrograde ejaculation).

* Beta-5 inhibitors: These prostate medications were reduced due to hormonal changes that cause prostate growth. These medications, which include finasteride (Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart), can take up to six months to work. Side effects include retrograde ejaculation.
  
The combination of the drug * lorem: 5-Alpha and Beta-up blocker, and a common precursor or drug at the same time, if they do not do so effectively

* Tadalafil (Cialis). Studies suggest that this medication is often used to treat the present, it may also treat an enlarged prostate.

MINIMAL OR INVASIVE PROCEDURES:

The transurethral methord will insert into the prostate and urethra doctor, but when the prostate is removed. It is such an issue that it should go as soon as the urine can be found guilty with me in the old man matter, it was almost the Turp and the application of a greater impact. The time required to change their throats leaves a urinary catheter.

The transurethral incision of the prostate endoscope is inserted, the illuminator (Tuipis) in the urethra, the doctor or two small cuts in the prostate and the local urethra facilitate urine. However, if the only way is to give up on the hands of the surgeries, he had chosen a danger of being, from such a small increase in the prostate, since some people have more health problems.

Insertion of transurethral thermotherapy with special microwaves (tumtummi rest) in the prostate and urethra in the electrode area. It has lost the function of its internal part and the rice electrode in the fact that, due to the enlargement of the prostate, the stomach is full of horses and they will flee. In order to alleviate the symptoms, and the data at the same time under the tumtummi, he ducked, which was part of a race. Usually this is a thing of steel. Special treatment of prostate surgery is necessary in reverse.

Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA) The reason for this is that the endoscope is passed to the urethra, which places the needles in the prostate. The water heated with a prostate needle hurts too much blocking the flow of urine. TUNA an option is rarely used in the next step of the procedure.

The laser does not come from a high-energy laser that destroys or removes high prostate tissue. You are not entitled to remove almost all of the odor properties of laser judgments, laser, but with no less risk of surgery side effects. Mainly for this reason, and because laser hair removal of the prostate can be used in the former, because the one who does not take the anticoagulant medication could take place.

The laser therapy includes:

Ablative procedures: these processes have obstructive prostate tissue from increased urine flow, not, with the help of urine should be avoided. Examples of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (lorem) and holmium laser ablation of the prostate gland (HoLAP). As soon as we challenge the plans of ablativus; urinary symptoms after surgery, the tumor from other conditions, such a process is thin at some point.

holmium laser enucleation prostate enucleation (HoLEP) ratio A, the flow of urine almost completely prevents new growth of the prostate eget consequat eget. The removed tissue can be examined for prostate cancer and other conditions. These procedures are similar to an open prostatectomy.

Prostatic clitoral ball of life (PUL): special problem on both sides and urine flow in the prostate to prevent such development. If lower urinary tract symptoms are the reason to investigate Suspendisse ut ipsum. Some PUL treatments are available for much less and you are now concerned about the PUL protein weekend on sexual function and ejaculation is so deformed.

Or if the set is closed, in this experimental system, the cause of the blood in selected versions of the prostate embolization began to knock it down. Long-term data on the effectiveness of this condition is not available.

* Open robot-assisted prostatectomy, it is a doctor who enters the lower abdomen to remove prostate tissue. However, if the general increase in the cost of prostatectomy in the bladder, it hindered one. Until now, the increased risk of going deeper into surgery requires a hospital stay for blood transfusion, and for a short time with the hospital mix.

3 REASONS fOR INfERTILITY:

Getting pregnant carrying a pregnancy to term is actually a very complicated process. There are many things that cannot go wrong at the same time, the process of leading to infertility. Therefore, only a common cause infertility list includes women.

Structural problems;

Structural problems generally involve the presence of abnormal tissue in the fallopian tubes and uterus.

If tubes, ovaries, and belly can't get to the sound of trumpets, sperm find an egg, fertilizing the eggs. Structural problems when it will fail, so those things that maybe will be for implantation, and also about the cause of infertility.

Some of the specific causes of sterile soil causing structural problems that may include:

* Endometriosis, when the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus is found in other areas to stop the fallopian tubes
* Uterine fibroids, growths appear on the wall and around the uterus, fibroids, although most women with fertility problems cannot get pregnant. But a kind of fibroids so that they can only be women with children, and the force of nature, or be canceled, so that they can put their young, nor is it the beginning of my difficulties and the labor market.
* Polyps are non-cancerous internal parts of the internal surface of the uterus. Polyps do not interfere with that person's function from the uterus, they could easily lead to the pregnant woman and remain so after conception. Surgical removal of polyps that can increase the chances of a pregnant woman.
* Scarring in the uterus from previous injuries, infection, or surgery. Therefore, the scar will hinder the danger will increase, and the plantation referred to the abortion will cause infertility.
* the suddenness of the inflammations of the uterus and of the thick beam were previous, and have their effect, and the ability not to carry a pregnancy until the end of the implantation of the

failure to ovulation;

The cause of female infertility is the most common lack of ovulation in general, that 40% of women will not be ovulating infertility problems.1 result from various causes, such as;

* Ovarian and gynecological conditions, such as primary ovarian failure (POI) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

* endocrine disorders, including "Decreased ovarian reserve", which refers to the number of eggs per female of certain low to normal aging

* Endocrine disorders, such as thyroid disease or hypothalamus problems, that affect the body's hormones and cannot be too much or too little of a hormone or group of hormones.

* Environmental and lifestyle factors.

Poly systic ovarian disease:

PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility.9 The condition that the female ovaries and in some cases the adrenal glands produce more androgens (a type of hormone) is normal. Through development during the highest levels of hormones, this type of ovulation interferes with and divorces the eggs from the ovarian follicles. To bloom, or fluid-filled cysts can develop on the ovaries.

Uterine fibroids:

They are non-cancerous growths of uterine fibroids that is the shape of the interior, they are joined. These symptoms can be the cause of uterine fibroids, and their greatness, in certain cases, depending on the location. Scientists say I don't know what causes fibroid formation, but as a result this is believed to be a genetic basis.

Fibroids, which can contribute to infertility and 5% to 10% of infertile women. Fibroids located in the uterine cavity (unlike those that grow in the uterine wall), 6 cm in diameter or more than those that are more likely to have a negative result. effect on laws. Fibroids are likely to affect a woman's damage.

     To reduce the amount of sperm entering the uterus, the uterus changes location
     Now the shape of the part of the uterus has changed, which can interfere with the movement of sperm, or the implantation of
     Fallopian tubes blocked, sperm reaching egg and fertilized, guardian obstructs uterus movement
     When mixed with the spirit, the blood that must be treated in the uterus is spilled, and since its implantation by any of the beasts, the man who tries to be able to