Question

explain the differences between deductive and inductive arguments? and what the scientific argumentor processare inductive? what kind are deductive?

Answer 1

in scientific world and in general life two, we come across many arguments, on the basis of which we make a choice.

these arguments also possess a certain quality level to it , which is assessed how good its premise supports its conclusion.

the arguments thus are broadly classified as the following two-

deductive and inductive.

when we make a deductive argument, we are trying to reach a logically sound conclusion as based on our premise, which we believe to be true. for example

if the weather forecast says it is going to rain today, you deduce that carry an umbrella while going out.

here the premise is- the weather forecast, which we believe to be true on the precision of their forecast history.

and hence our conclusion/choice to carry umbrella have strong reasoning.

Here, we have sets of arguments on the basis of which (using a reasonable logic) we reach our conclusion. The truthfulness of these arguments does not guarantee 100% the truth of our conclusion.

for eg: panthers are black. Daksh is black. so the conclusion Daksh is a panther might be a deduction, but it's not reasonably true.

When we make an inductive argument, we intend it to be strong enough that, if the premises were to be true, then it is less likely that the conclusion is false. here inductive argument’s success or strength is a matter of degree.

for example, I wear black clothes every day for the week, then the argument that I will wear black clothes today as well will be an inductive argument.

in mathematics, we are always proving statements based on theorems and axioms . this is a deductiv eargument.

while in statistics the hypothesis we make, on the basic of our analysis is a form of inductive reasoning.