Question

In: Biology

Recent advances in paleogenomics (the recovery and sequencing of DNA from remains up to about 80,000–100,000 years old)

Recent advances in paleogenomics (the recovery and sequencing of DNA from remains up to about 80,000–100,000 years old) have allowed geneticists to test a hypothesis long proposed by paleoanthropologists: that humans (Homo sapiens) interbred with other hominin species, such as Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis), that some human groups encountered as they migrated out of Africa. Early work in paleogenomics focused on mtDNA, and more recent work has assembled a complete autosomal genome sequence for Neanderthals.

Surprisingly, paleogenomics has also recently identified a previously unknown hominin species in Asia, named Denisovans. DNA recovered from a single finger bone and some teeth enabled researchers to sequence the complete Denisovan genome.

A comparison of the variation in mtDNA and autosomal DNA from Neanderthals and Denisovans with the variation in present-day humans from Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and Melanesia (a region including islands in the western Pacific Ocean) revealed the following.

Present-day human
group
Matches with
Neanderthal mtDNA?
Matches with
Denisovan mtDNA?
Matches with Neanderthal
autosomal DNA?
Matches with Denisovan
autosomal DNA?
Sub-Saharan Africans no no no no
Europeans no no yes no
Melanesians no no yes yes

What does the information in the table above indicate about interbreeding between humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans?

Select all of the true statements in the following list.

  The mtDNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Europeans interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Sub-Saharan Africans interbred with Neanderthals.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Europeans interbred with Neanderthals.
  The mtDNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Sub-Saharan Africans interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Europeans interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Melanesians interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Melanesians interbred with Neanderthals.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Sentences 3, 6, and 7 is true In the list below.

Because based on the analysis the present-day Europeans autosomal DNA matches with Neanderthal's autosomal DNA and present-day Melanesian's autosomal DNA matches with the autosomal DNA of Neanderthals and Denisovans.

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