Question

In: Biology

Recent advances in paleogenomics (the recovery and sequencing of DNA from remains up to about 80,000–100,000 years old)

Recent advances in paleogenomics (the recovery and sequencing of DNA from remains up to about 80,000–100,000 years old) have allowed geneticists to test a hypothesis long proposed by paleoanthropologists: that humans (Homo sapiens) interbred with other hominin species, such as Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis), that some human groups encountered as they migrated out of Africa. Early work in paleogenomics focused on mtDNA, and more recent work has assembled a complete autosomal genome sequence for Neanderthals.

Surprisingly, paleogenomics has also recently identified a previously unknown hominin species in Asia, named Denisovans. DNA recovered from a single finger bone and some teeth enabled researchers to sequence the complete Denisovan genome.

A comparison of the variation in mtDNA and autosomal DNA from Neanderthals and Denisovans with the variation in present-day humans from Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and Melanesia (a region including islands in the western Pacific Ocean) revealed the following.

Present-day human
group
Matches with
Neanderthal mtDNA?
Matches with
Denisovan mtDNA?
Matches with Neanderthal
autosomal DNA?
Matches with Denisovan
autosomal DNA?
Sub-Saharan Africans no no no no
Europeans no no yes no
Melanesians no no yes yes

What does the information in the table above indicate about interbreeding between humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans?

Select all of the true statements in the following list.

  The mtDNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Europeans interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Sub-Saharan Africans interbred with Neanderthals.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Europeans interbred with Neanderthals.
  The mtDNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Sub-Saharan Africans interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Europeans interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Melanesians interbred with Denisovans.
  The autosomal DNA evidence supports the hypothesis that the ancestors of present-day Melanesians interbred with Neanderthals.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Sentences 3, 6, and 7 is true In the list below.

Because based on the analysis the present-day Europeans autosomal DNA matches with Neanderthal's autosomal DNA and present-day Melanesian's autosomal DNA matches with the autosomal DNA of Neanderthals and Denisovans.

Related Solutions

Recent advances in molecular techniques have allowed scientists to successfully extract proteins and DNA fragments from...
Recent advances in molecular techniques have allowed scientists to successfully extract proteins and DNA fragments from extinct animals found in museum collections or the recent fossil record. In the near future, it may be possible to clone previously extinct organisms such as mammoths. What are your opinions on cloning extinct species?
The DNA polymerases used over many years for Sanger dideoxynucleotide termination sequencing of DNA have had...
The DNA polymerases used over many years for Sanger dideoxynucleotide termination sequencing of DNA have had one common feature: they all were intentionally chosen to lack 3’à 5’ exonuclease activity, the proofreading function that many DNA polymerases carry to maintain high fidelity. Why would having proofreading exonuclease activity within the polymerase be detrimental to the Sanger sequencing technique? If you were to substitute a polymerase with proofreading capability, how might that affect the distribution of the bands of DNA produced...
Think about the many recent technological advances in the field of genetics. Choose the one that...
Think about the many recent technological advances in the field of genetics. Choose the one that you think might be the most influential over the next ten years and explain the reasons for your choice. DO NOT USE GENE THERAPY
1. what is genome sequencing? what do we now know about the human genome from sequencing...
1. what is genome sequencing? what do we now know about the human genome from sequencing it? 2. explain different applications of genomics. What are SNPs is and how are they useful? 3. what are the uses of biotechnology in medicine?
One difficulty in extracting sequencing reads that correspond to mitochondrial DNA from mixed fragments of nuclear...
One difficulty in extracting sequencing reads that correspond to mitochondrial DNA from mixed fragments of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA is the nuclear genome contains segments homologous to regions of the mitochondrial genome called "numts." Mammalian genomes contain 50-450 kb of numts (the human genome contains 1005 numts, averaging 446 bp). Estimate the fraction of reads from fragments of mammoth DNA that are likely to be numts. The mammoth genome is approximately 4.7x10^9 bases in length.
The mortality rate from disease X in city A is 60/100,000 in persons 50+ years old....
The mortality rate from disease X in city A is 60/100,000 in persons 50+ years old. The mortality rate from the same disease in city B is 120/100,000 in persons 50+ years old. 1.  Is the inference correct that disease X is two times more prevalent in persons 50+ years old in city B than it is in persons 50+ years old in city A? Why or why not? In 2000, there were 65,000 deaths due to lung disease in cigarette...
Matthew is 45 years old and made $80,000 in wages in 2018. He is single and...
Matthew is 45 years old and made $80,000 in wages in 2018. He is single and pays all the cost of keeping up his home. Matthew’s daughter, Barbara, lived with Matthew all year. Barbara’s son, Henry, was born in April 2018.Henry lived in Matthew’s home since birth. Barbara is 18, single, and had $4,100 in wages in 2018. Barbara is not required to file a tax return. Matthew provides more than half of the support for both Barbara and Henry...
Nearly five years into the recovery (the recession ended 2009) corporate profits are up 50%, the...
Nearly five years into the recovery (the recession ended 2009) corporate profits are up 50%, the S&P is up 80%, but household income is down 3%. "Dropped, during the recovery," which is rare or unprecedented in economic theory. How does the actions of Congress (re-write the Constitution) to effects on labor and income distribution in the macro-economy? Geoghegan, T. (2014). Only One Thing Can Save Us. New York: The New Press.
Research the Internet and find a recent (less than 5 years old) article about "Electronic Record...
Research the Internet and find a recent (less than 5 years old) article about "Electronic Record Implementation." Discuss two challenges identified in the article. Explain why this is a challenge. How could it be mitigated? What do you think should be done? Reflect from your experience if you encountered such challenges at the workplace.
Investor who earns $80,000 per year has a stock and bond portfolio worth about $100,000. Some...
Investor who earns $80,000 per year has a stock and bond portfolio worth about $100,000. Some of her investments have substantially appreciated in value and some have declined in value. Investor generally makes several charitable gifts to her church and her college alma mater. 1) From a planning perspective, what advice do you have for Investor? 2) What are the tax consequences if Investor is 73 years old and if some of the stock and bonds given are in Investor’s...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT