Question

FIN 390 Assignment – Spring 2018

Capital Budgeting Mini Case

Instructions: The assignment is based on the mini case below. The instructions relating to the assignment are at the end of the case.

Samantha Groves and Harry Finch are facing an important decision. After having discussed different financial scenarios into the wee hours of the morning, the two computer engineers felt it was time to finalize their cash flow projections and move to the next stage – decide which of two possible projects they should undertake.

Both had a bachelor degree in engineering and had put in several years as maintenance engineers in a large chip manufacturing company. About six months ago, they were able to exercise their first stock options. That was when they decided to quit their safe, steady job and pursue their dreams of starting a venture of their own. In their spare time, almost as a hobby, they had been collaborating on some research into a new chip that could speed up certain specialized tasks by as much as 25%. At this point, the design of the chip was complete. While further experimentation might improve the performance of their design, any delay in entering the market now may prove to be costly, as one of the established players might introduce a similar product of their own. The duo knew that now was the time to act if at all.

They estimated that they would need to spend about $1,250,000 on plant, equipment and supplies. As for future cash flows, they felt that the right strategy at least for the first year would be to sell their product at dirt-cheap prices in order to induce customer acceptance. Then, once the product had established a name for itself, the price could be raised. By the end of the fifth year, their product in its current form was likely to be obsolete. However, the innovative approach that they had devised and patented could be sold to a larger chip manufacturer for a decent sum. Accordingly, the two budding entrepreneurs estimated the cash flows for this project (call it Project A) as follows:

Year	Project A Expected Cash flows ($)
0	(1,250,000)
1	75,000
2	218,750
3	535,000
4	775,000
5	775,000

An alternative to pursuing this project would be to immediately sell the patent for their innovative chip design to one of the established chip makers. They estimated that they would receive around $100,000 for this. It would probably not be reasonable to expect much more as neither their product nor their innovative approach had a track record.

They could then invest in some plant and equipment that would test silicon wafers for zircon content before the wafers were used to make chips. Too much zircon would affect the long-term performance of the chips. The task of checking the level of zircon was currently being performed by chip makers themselves. However, many of them, especially the smaller ones, did not have the capacity to permit 100% checking. Most tested only a sample of the wafers they received.

Harry and Samantha were confident that they could persuade at least some of the chip makers to outsource this function to them. By exclusively specializing in this task, their little company would be able to slash costs by more than half, and thus allow the chip manufacturers to go in for 100% quality check for roughly the same cost as what they were incurring for a partial quality check today. The life of this project too (call it project B) is expected to be only about five years.

The initial investment for this project is estimated at $ 1,150,000. After taking into account the sale of their patent, the net investment would be $1,050,000.As for the future, Samantha and Harry were pretty sure that there would be sizable profits in the first couple of years. But thereafter, the zircon content problem would slowly start to disappear with advancing technology in the wafer industry. Keeping all this in mind, they estimate the cash flows for this project as follows:

Year	Project B Expected Cash flows ($)
0	(1,050,000)
1	650,000
2	500,000
3	226,250
4	137,500
5	62,500

Samantha and Harry now need to make their decision. For purposes of analysis, they plan to use a required rate of return of 15% for both projects. Ideally, they would prefer that the project they choose have a payback period of less than 4 years and a discounted payback period of less than 5 years.

Below are the results of the analysis they have carried out so far:

Metrics	Project A	Project B
Payback period (in years)	3.54	1.80
Discounted payback period (in years)	4.58	2.72
Net Present Value (NPV)	$160,816	$151,742
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)	18.90%	23.84%
Profitability Index	1.13	1.14
Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR)	17.82%	18.15%

One of the concerns that Samantha and Harry have is regarding the reliability of their cash flow estimates. All the analysis in the table above is based on “expected” cash flows. However, they are both aware that actual future cash flows may be higher or lower.

Assignment:

Suppose that Harry and Samantha have hired you as a consultant to help them make the decision. Please draft an official memo to them with your analysis and recommendations.

Your submission should cover the following questions:

Briefly, summarize the key facts of the case and identify the problem being faced by our two budding entrepreneurs. In other words, what is the decision that they need to make? (10 points)

An excellent paper will demonstrate the ability to construct a clear and insightful problem statement while identifying all underlying issues.

What are some approaches that can be used to solve this problem? What are some various criteria or metrics that can be used to help make this decision? (10 points)

An excellent paper will propose solutions that are sensitive to all the identified issues.

a) Rank the projects based on each of the following metrics: Payback period, Discounted payback period, NPV, IRR, Profitability Index, and MIRR. (10 points)

b) Samantha believes that the best approach to make the decision is the NPV approach. However, Harry is not so sure that ignoring the other metrics is a good idea. Which of the approaches or metrics would you propose? In other words, would you prefer one or more of these approaches over the others? Explain why. (20 points)

An excellent paper will include an evaluation of solutions containing thorough and insightful explanations, feasibility of solutions, and impacts of solutions.

a) Which of these projects would you recommend? Explain why. (10 points)

b) Briefly state the limitations of the approach you used in making this decision, and outline what further analysis you would recommend. (20 points

Answer 1

Briefly, summarize the key facts of the case and identify the problem being faced by our two budding entrepreneurs. In other words, what is the decision that they need to make? What are some approaches that can be used to solve this problem? What are some various criteria or metrics that can be used to help make this decision?

Samantha and Harry are facing a problem in choosing one project from the two possible projects (Project 'A' & Project 'B') they could undertake. Project 'A' is all about creating a new chip and selling them directly to the customers, which needs a initial investment of around $1,250,000. Project 'B' is about testing the silicon wafers for zircon content, meanwhile selling their patent of innovative chip design. This would need an initial investment of about $1,050,000 after deducting the amount of $100,000 from the total estimation.

They are having a plan or estimation of future cash flows for the next 5 years (term of the projects). They have to choose a project to take on by considering their initial investment, future cash flows and some others metrics given below:

Initial investment for Project ‘A’ = $1,250,000

Estimated cash flows

Year	Project A Expected Cash flows ($)
0	(1,250,000)
1	75,000
2	218,750
3	535,000
4	775,000
5	775,000

Initial investment for Project ‘B’ = $1,050,000 ($1,150,000 - $1,050,000)

Estimated cash flows

Year	Project B Expected Cash flows ($)
0	(1,050,000)
1	650,000
2	500,000
3	226,250
4	137,500
5	62,500

Metrics	Project A	Project B
Required rate of return	15%	15%
Payback period (in years)	3.54	1.80
Discounted payback period (in years)	4.58	2.72
Net Present Value (NPV)	$160,816	$151,742
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)	18.90%	23.84%
Profitability Index	1.13	1.14
Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR)	17.82%	18.15%

Using the above stats and metrics, we are going to find out the reliable estimated cash flows.

We can use various metrics from Capital Budgeting like Payback period, Discounted payback period, NPV, IRR, Profitability Index, and MIRR. Based on the results we will be ranking the Projects and will decide which Project to take-up.

Rank the projects based on each of the following metrics: Payback period, Discounted payback period, NPV, IRR, Profitability Index, and MIRR. Samantha believes that the best approach to make the decision is the NPV approach. However, Harry is not so sure that ignoring the other metrics is a good idea. Which of the approaches or metrics would you propose? In other words, would you prefer one or more of these approaches over the others? Explain why.

Metric	Project ‘A’	Project ‘B’	Rank 1
Payback period (in years)	3.54	1.80	Project ‘B’
Discounted payback period (in years)	4.58	2.72	Project ‘B’
Net Present Value (NPV)	$160,816	$151,742	Project ‘A’
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)	18.90%	23.84%	Project ‘B’
Profitability Index	1.13	1.14	Project ‘B’
Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR)	17.82%	18.15%	Project ‘B’

Net Present Value is just the present value of net cash inflows generated by a project less the initial investment on the project. Samantha’s idea of choosing the Project based on just NPV only is not a good one. Therefore, we have to take decision considering more than one metrics, as Harry thought. It is preferred take into consideration all the approaches available to make a better decision.

In order to take such a big decision we also have to consider things as if

1. How fast are we achieving our Break-even, which we can calculate by using Payback period and Discounted Payback period.
2. The rate of return we are going to get from this project is it higher or lower than our expectations, which can be derived by using Internal rate of return and Modified Internal rate of return.
3. By considering the profitability, which we can estimate by using Profitability Index

Which of these projects would you recommend? Explain why. Briefly state the limitations of the approach you used in making this decision, and outline what further analysis you would recommend.

By considering all the metrics and approaches, we recommend Project ‘B’, because of the following reasons:

1. In the above ranking table, Project ‘B’ scored 5/6 and Project ‘A’ scored 1/6.
2. We can achieve our Break-even much earlier in Project ‘B’ when compared to Project ‘A’.
3. The rate of return is also more in Project ‘B’ compared to Project ‘A’.
4. The profitability is a bit higher.

Limitations in our approach is we do not took into consideration the Inflation factor.