When someone has fever the body’s temperature is increased abnormally. This increases metabolic activities in the...

When someone has fever the body’s temperature is increased abnormally. This increases metabolic activities in the body, resulting in the production of more heat and further increasing the body’s temperature. Explain why the patient still feels very cold and even in some cases, shivers when there is so much heat in the body. [20 marks]

Expert Solution

Fever is an inflammatory response to a pathogen(bacteria/virus/parasite/fungus) entering inside the body.
After entering the body, the pathogen releases pyrogens(chemicals causing fever) which are called as exogenous pyrogens or these pathogens make cells of our own body to release pyrogens which are called as endogenous pyrogens.
In response to these pyrogens, leucocytes(or white blood cells) which are a part of immune system releases chemicals such as Interleukin 1 and 6, Interferon gamma and Tissue necrosis factor (TNF).
These further leads to the release of prostaglandin E2 which is responsible to reset or modify the thermostat of hypothalamus.
This leads to new setpoint of temperature - higher than that in normal conditions(>38.6 C).
The rest of the body is still at normal temperature which is lower than this new setpoint so the person feels cold.
To compensate with this new set point, the body tries to generate more heat by rapid muscle contractions(causes shivering) and vasoconstriction to reduce the loss of heat from the body.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

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