Question

pain control interventions pharmacologicals and non- pharmacologicals for cancer patient

Answer 1

Pain can be defined as highly unpleasant physical sensation caused by illness or injury. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain define pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is not just a physical sensation. Pain can be assessed with many scales, among them Wrong-baker face pain scale is widely used pain scale for adults and FLACC scale for children.

Pain can be classified into 2

Acute pain:- acute pain last for a short time, can be occurred due to surgery or trauma or other conditions.

Chronic pain:- it last beyond the expected time of healing following surgery, trauma or other conditions.

Another classification is

Mild:- pain is from 1 to 3 pain score

Moderate:-4 to 6 pain in pain scale

Severe:-The pain ranging from 7 to 10 in wrong bakers scale

Pain management in oncology is different from normal pain management.

Pain can be treated in 2 ways

1. Non pharmacological management

2. Pharmacological management

1. Non pharmacological management in oncology:-

There are methods used to reduce or treat pain in oncology.

• Heat:- Application of heat helps in reducing the pain and muscle spasm.
• Ice:- Cold application helps in reducing pain and inflammation. It also helps in prevention of tissue damage.
• Rehabilitation:- Some physical activities and excercises helps in reducing pain.
• Electrical stimulation:- uses a device that helps in delivering mild and safe electrical signals.
• Surgery and other procedures:- Some procedures like ultrasound, radio waves, thermal or laser therapy.
• Acupuncture:- used to reduce pain.

2. Pharmacological management in oncologoncolog:-

• NSAIDS ( Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug)
• opioid analgesics:- eg: morphine, methadone
• Break through:- eg: buprenorphine, Tramadol