Question

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on ________________.

	a.	which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves
	b.	which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid
	c.	which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion
	d.	whether or not the sound moves ine incus, malleus and stapes
	e.	whether or not the listener has had training in music

Ovoviviparous species are distinguished by what trait?

	a.	Offspring are nourished via a placenta prior to live birth.
	b.	Offspring are nourished via the egg's yolk and then hatch from eggs
	c.	Offspring are nourished via the egg's yolk prior to live birth
	d.	Offspring receive nourishment from the male parent

Put the steps of contraction of the heart in the correct order

I. Contraction of the ventricles

II. Signal transmitted from the SA node

III. Contraction of the atria

IV. Delay at the AV node

	a.	IV, I, III, II
	b.	I, II, III, IV
	c.	II, III, IV, I
	d.	III, I, IV, II
	e.	None of the above are correct.

What is the correct order of processes involving the movement of oxygen from the environment to mitochondria in vertebrates?

	a.	ventilation, circulation, cellular respiration
	b.	circulation, ventilation, cellular respiration
	c.	diffusion in tissues, cellular respiration, diffusion at respiratory surface
	d.	ventilation, diffusion in tissues, circulation
	e.	circulation, cellular respiration, diffusion in tissues

Diarrhea occurs when inadequate water absorption occurs from the digestive system. Which region of the digestive tract is most greatly affected in patients with diarrhea?

	a.	esophagus
	b.	stomach
	c.	small intestine
	d.	large intestine

Innate immunity __________________________.

	a.	is activated immediately upon infection
	b.	depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to the same pathogen
	c.	is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to different pathogens
	d.	is found only in vertebrate animals
	e.	utilizes highly specific antigen receptors on B cells

Sharks are UNLIKE most ocean fishes in what way(s)?

i. The concentration of Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^- ions in shark tissues is the same as the concentration of these ions in seawater.

ii. Sharks are isotonic to seawater

iii. Sharks have cells specialized to secrete salts

	a.	None of the above are correct.
	b.	Exactly ONE of the above is correct.
	c.	Exactly TWO of the above are correct.
	d.	All of the above are correct.

The ampullae of Lorenzini in sharks are used for ________________.

	a.	thermoreception
	b.	electroreception
	c.	photoreception
	d.	magnetoreception
	e.	mechanoreception

What is the partial pressure of oxygen at an atmospheric pressure of 600 mm Hg?

	a.	63 mm Hg
	b.	126 mm Hg
	c.	252 mm Hg
	d.	600 mm Hg

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?  

i. Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach

ii. Mouthparts provide clues about the specific foods an animal pursues.

iii Mouthparts provide clues about the rate of nutrient absorption.

	a.	None of the above are correct
	b.	Exactly ONE of the above is correct.
	c.	Exactly TWO of the above are correct
	d.	All of the above are correct

Which of the four terms below is correctly defined by the associated phrase?

I. CD4 T Cell: a leucocyte whose primary job is to help in the activation of other leucocytes

II. HISTAMINE: a chemical messenger in the immune response whose primary job is to dilate blood vessels near the wound site, allowing for easier recruitment of other immunce cells

III. LYSOZYME: an enzyme secreted by the eyes that acts as an antibiotic by digesting bacterial cell walls.

IV. EPITOPE: a specific region where a particular antigen binds to an antibody, B-cell receptor, or T-cell receptor.

	a.	NONE are correctly defined.
	b.	Exactly ONE is correctly defined.
	c.	Exactly TWO are correctly defined.
	d.	Exactly THREE are correctly defined.
	e.	ALL are correctly defined.

Sperm cells mature and are stored within human males in the _______________

	a.	urethra
	b.	prostate
	c.	epididymis
	d.	seminal vesicles
	e.	bulbourethral gland

Which of the following connective tissues is INCORRECTLY matched?

	a.	Loose - cartilage
	b.	Dense - tendon
	c.	Fluid - blood
	d.	Supporting - bone
	e.	All are correctly matched.

For a neuron at rest with a membrane potential of -65 mV, an increase in the movement of potassium inos out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in the ____________________.

	a.	depolarization of the neuron
	b.	hyperpolarization of the neuron
	c.	replacement of potassium ions with chloride ions
	d.	replacement of potassium ions with calcium ions
	e.	neuron switching on its voltage gated channels to restore equilibrium

What term describes the mode of asexual reproduction in which offspring develop from unfertilized eggs?

	a.	fertilization
	b.	budding
	c.	regeneration
	d.	parthenogenesis

The vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the ___________.

	a.	fishes
	b.	reptiles
	c.	birds
	d.	amphibians
	e.	mammals

Which statement best describes the difference in responses of effector B cells (plasma cells) and cytotoxic T cells?

	a.	B cells confer active immunity, cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity.
	b.	B cells kill pathogens directly, cytotoxic T cells kill host cells
	c.	B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells.
	d.	B cells carry out the cell-mediated response, cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.
	e.	B cells respond the firsat time a pathogen is present, cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times.

Which of the following molecules is/are required to break down fats?

	a.	Lipase
	b.	Bile
	c.	Trypsinogen
	d.	Amylase
	e.	Both A & B

Neurotransmitters released from the vagus nerve cause a decrease in heart rate. To which part of the vertebrate nervous system would the vagus nerve belong?

	a.	parasympathetic nervous system
	b.	sympathetic nervous sstem
	c.	somatic nervous system
	d.	autonomic nervous system
	e.	More than one of the above is correct

Corneal eye surgery is now routinely performed to change the shape of the cornea and improve vision. This surgery is beneficial because ________________.

	a.	the cornea is responsible for the circulation of nutrients to the eye
	b.	the cornea regulates the sensitivity of the photoreceptors
	c.	the cornea controls the amount of light entering the eye
	d.	the cornea is involved in focusing light onto the retina

Which of the following variables can have an effect on the speed of an action potential once it has been initiated?

	a.	myelination
	b.	diameter
	c.	type of neurotransmitter
	d.	temperature
	e.	More than one of the above.

Which of the following processes is NOT controlled by hormones?

	a.	the contraction of the sarcomere in the muscle fiber
	b.	the development of the male and female phenotype during developoment
	c.	the letdown of milk from the mammary gland in response to a baby's crying
	d.	the levels of glucose circulating in the bloodstream
	e.	All of the above are controlled by hormones.

Answer 1

1. OPTION C : which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion
2. OPTION C : Offspring are nourished via the egg's yolk prior to live birth
3. OPTION D : III,I, IV,II
4. OPTION A : ventilation, circulation, cellular respiration
5. OPTION C : small intestine
6. OPTION A : is activated immediately upon infection
7. OPTION C : Exactly TWO of the above are correct
8. OPTION B : electroreception
9. OPTION B : 126 mm Hg
10. OPTION B : Exactly ONE of the above is correct
11. OPTION D : Exactly THREE are correctly defined
12. OPTION C : epididymis
13. OPTION E : All are correctly matched
14. OPTION B : hyperpolarization of the neuron
15. OPTION D : parthenogenesis
16. OPTION A : fishes
17. OPTION C : B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells.
18. OPTION E : Both A & B
19. OPTION A : parasympathetic nervous system
20. OPTION D : the cornea is involved in focusing light onto the retina
21. OPTION E : More than one of the above
22. OPTION A : the contraction of the sarcomere in the muscle fiber