Question

Explain what happens as sound enters the ear and is perceived in the brain. What anatomical features are impacted, and what do they do?

There are three cranial nerves that serve the muscles of the eye. What are they? Identify each, and describe how they work.

Answer 1

Explain what happens as sound enters the ear and is perceived in the brain. What anatomical features are impacted, and what do they do?

The inner ear is called cochlea is enriched with enormous tiny hair cells, These hair cells transforms the vibration caused by the sounds into electrical signals sent via the auditory nerve called as vestibular nerve which is eighth of twelve cranial nerves to the auditory centre called auditory cortex located in the  temporal lobe. It process the auditory information and translates the impulses into sounds.

There are three cranial nerves that serve the muscles of the eye. What are they? Identify each, and describe how they work.

The three cranial nerves that innervate the eye msucles are:

1. Optic nerve.
2. Oculomotor nerve
3. Trochlear nerve
4. Abducens nerve.

Optic nerve is solely responsible for perception of vision which transmits visual information from the retina to the optic centre. It has many supporting cells along with retinal ganglion cells.

Occulomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve that innervates the extraocular muscles includes the medial, inferior, and superior recti, the inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae muscles. It is responsible for eye movement and pupil constriction.

Trochlear nerve is the fourth cranial nerve which innervate superior oblique muscle. It is a motor nerve which operates through the pulley-like trochlea.

Abducens nerves are sixth cranial nerve innervate latral rectus muscle and  responsible for outward gaze.