Question

Discussion Topics: Please answer both topics.

1. What are some of the factors that affect the way a woman perceives and copes with pain? Discuss culture, age, previous personal experience with pain, parity, and the physical, psychologic, and emotional support.

2. Differentiate among the nursing interventions used for managing specific fetal heart rate patterns, including tachycardia and bradycardia, absent or minimal variability, and late and variable decelerations.

Answer 1

1.Pain is a subjective experience, and although it is certainly related to physiological processes, how individuals react to a new episode of pain is shaped and influenced by previous experience. Various factors contribute to cope with pain level and is subjected to vary from individual to individual and in between men and women. It is evident that women have less tolerance to pain, seems to be influence of hormonal variation. Previous experience helps a person to bear pain,whereas environmental factors, stress and anxiety can aggravate the pain level. As the age increases tolerance to pain level may be less because of physiological changes. For example, IV canulisation in an older women, 90 years old, is more painful when compares to a girl who is 30 years.

2.The nursing interventions differs in each scenario. When fetal bradycardia is noticed, position the mother to limit cord compression and monitor her blood pressure. If fetal tachycardia is present, rule out the reason for that. For example, any maternal conditions like fever, anxiety, dehydration and manage accordingly. In early deceleration, no intervention is needed.