Question

To Whom It May Concern:

Can you provide the correct answer and feedback for all parts of all of the questions asked? There are five questions total. I need the answer and feedback for all five questions. This will help me to better understand the assignment. Can you provide the correct information before 9:00pm central standard time on Tues, May 1, 2018? Thank you for your help.

Health Intervention Theories and Application

1. Describe the following terms: (a) Health behavior (b) Reciprocal determinism (c) Audience segmentation

2. • Define the term “intervention.” • Identify and describe two types of intervention. • Briefly explain the implications of an intervention in health promotion and public health practice relative to quality and evidence.

3. Identify five tenets of innovation in health promotion and disease prevention. Briefly discuss one of these attributes relative to adopting or rejecting of a new program.

4. (a) Briefly discuss why (or why not) prevention practitioners should recognize the implications of culture and ethnicity in health promotion and disease prevention approaches.

5. According to the Healthy People 2010, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in our society today, and constitutes a major public health problem. Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, develop a plan for implementing an intervention program toward preventing the onset or reducing the incidence of heart disease in a defined population. Focus on the following areas: - Phases 1, 3, 4, and 6 - A goal statement - An objective statement - Phase 6 (Appropriate theory/model and its application; a brief intervention strategy)

Answer 1

ANSWER 1: A) Health Behavior: Any activity taken by a person for the purpose of preventing disease or detecting disease in an asymptomatic stage.

B) Reciprocal determinism: Its a theory given by Albert Bandura that states the personal behavior is influenced by environment, individual and the behavior itself.

C) Audience segmentation: It is the process of dividing a larger group into smaller segments who have similar needs, values or characteristics. It helps to identify the target customer and connect right people at right time.

ANSWER 2: INTERVENTION is an act or process of intervening. It is an action taken to improve medical disorder.

In healthcare there are two types of intervention:

• Preventive interventions: those actions that prevent the disease from occurring and reduces the incidence of diseases. Ex: vaccination, Prevent stagnation of water to reduces mosquito breeding in areas prone for malaria, nutritional interventions,maternal and neonatal interventions,education and behavior change, environmental interventions, vector and intermediate host control, prophylactic use of drugs can also be used for disease prevention.
• Therapeutic interventions: Those interventions that treat and postpone the effect of the disease. ex: use of medication, surgery and radiation therapy, control of chronic illness.

Both of these interventions helps to promote health and prevent illness. They form the basis for management of any disease condition. It helps to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates of the country. Some of these intervention are applied on the individuals while other upon the community itself.

ANSWER 3: The five tenets of innovation in heath promotion and diseases prevention are:

• A broad and positive health concept
• participation and involvement
• ?action and action competence
• A setting perspective
• Equity in health

Participation and Involvement: When we deal with the health issues of the community, the cooperation of the community members paly a key role in problem identification and application of interventions. Its necessary that the members of the community participate in the actions taken and contribute to its success.

For example: During the prevention intervention for polio most prevalent among children, vaccination is planned as per the WHO schedules in various PHC, sub centers, CHC. Organising a program can be done by the healthcare providers but the success of the intervention will only occur when the parents take initiative to bring their children to get vaccinated. Their participation will help to fight these deadly diseases.

Not only this the various measures that is to be taken in the community in various household like prevent stagnation of water, proper sanitation, prevent open field defecation, purification of water, enrollment of deaths and birth, registration of anenatal mothers and many more can be done only if the members of the community join hands and actively participate in health promotion and disease prevention.

ANSWER 4: The practitioners should identify the culture and ethnicity in health promotion and disease approaches. This is because the cultural practices of different communities and the ethnic groups have different perception towards the measure taken for health promotion and disease prevention. Some of these practices tend to became the causative factor for certain illness. For example : Use of hot sickle to burn around the umbilicus of small child to treat abdominal diseases, use of untrained ladies in villages for delivery of children, Women clients to be treated by female doctors.

This knowledge about one's culture helps to specify what behaviors are expected from them. The culture and ethnicity are stereotyped diversity in a society that leads to misunderstanding and misinterpretation and distrust in all sorts of human interactions.

ANSWER 5: INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR REDUCING INCIDENCE OF HEART DISEASE CASES:

• Survey has to be made in a defined population in order to identify the etiological factors that is increasing the risk of heart diseases.
• Interviewing the peer groups for their lifestyles that promote heart diseases like smoking, use of alcohol, tobacco chewing.
• Prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyle and the dietary pattern should also be focused.
• Identify the knowledge of the defined population regarding the causative factors of heart diseases, its preventive measures.
• Check the availability and accessibility of health services in the area.
• Provide effective education about the disease and ways to reduce its incidence.
• Motivate the peer groups and other age people to bring about lifestyle and dietary modification.
• Cessation of smoking, alcohol and tobacco.
• Encourage regular exercises.
• Allocations of budgets, coordination of program with various other departments.
• Evaluation of outcomes to understanding the effectiveness of the programs and means to improve its implication among such population.