Question

To Whom It May Concern:

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Health Intervention Theories and Application

1. Describe the following terms:

(a) Health behavior

(b) Reciprocal determinism

(c) Audience segmentation

2. • Define the term “intervention.” • Identify and describe two types of intervention. • Briefly explain the implications of an intervention in health promotion and public health practice relative to quality and evidence.

3. Identify five tenets of innovation in health promotion and disease prevention. Briefly discuss one of these attributes relative to adopting or rejecting of a new program.  

4. (a) Briefly discuss why (or why not) prevention practitioners should recognize the implications of culture and ethnicity in health promotion and disease prevention approaches.     

5. According to the Healthy People 2010, heart disease remains the leading cause of death in our society today, and constitutes a major public health problem. Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, develop a plan for implementing an intervention program toward preventing the onset or reducing the incidence of heart disease in a defined population.    Focus on the following areas: - Phases 1, 3, 4, and 6 - A goal statement - An objective statement - Phase 6 (Appropriate theory/model and its application; a brief intervention strategy)

Answer 1

1.a) Health behaviour: Health behaviour is an initiative taken by any individual without consideration of past or present health status to promote, protect or maintain his/ her health which may be followed effectively or not.

Every action by a person has impact on health status like diet, sleep, sexual pattern and environment. It is important in regulating one's health and well being. People have started to do regular exercises, consume balanced diet .

Vaccination, health check ups (screening) are some of the health behaviour. Smokers, alcohol and drug abusers population have started to decrease as all are aware of their health status.

b) Reciprocal determinism: It is said that individual's behaviour is determined by his/her thinking, behaviour and environment which influence each other reciprocally.

For example : If a kid doesnot like to eat vegetables he/she may say they feel nauseous to avoid it.

The environment have influence on individual and vice versa.

c) Audience segmentation: It is dividing similar people into small groups to achieve the goal . For example if we need to practice family planning in more populated countries like India sexually active age group people should be grouped and given health teaching.

2. Intervention:  Effectively act in a important situation to bring about a change in situation at the end.

Types of intervention:

1. Preventive: Intervention to prevent diseases before affecting is preventive Intervention . Example - vaccines
2. Therapeutic : Intervention to treat and reduce the effect of disease is therapeutic Intervention.Example- drugs for infections and other diseases.

Interventions in health promotion. Is to prevent diseases and promote health in public. For effective planning data should be collected in certain area where we are going to implement the intervention. Data collection is for an evidence so that we can measure the success of the outcome.

If for example we chose a community with many children under five years. Collect the data of them regarding socioeconomic status, breast feed or not, dietary pattern, environment, mother's health and more .

Plan a health education teaching for mothers on care of children under five on nutritional needs, hygiene, vaccination, health check up, infectious diseases prevention .

After sometime again collect data in the same group and analyse the outcome to know the intervention has any changes or not.

3.Innovation in health promotion and disease prevention: Health promotion and disease prevention helps in iimproving quality of life.

• Self responsibility: individual should learn to control their lives , by avoiding health risk behaviours like smoking , alcohol consumption , overeating , drug abuse. So taking self responsibility is the key to successful health promotion and disease prevention.
• Nutrition: Nutritional awareness consists of balanced diet and consuming essential nutrients. Food and disease are interlinked. Processed foods , caffeine, salt, sugar, alcohol should be reduced. Over consumption of food leads to obesity which may be a risk for cardiovascular diseases.
• Exercises: Physical activity helps in maintaining healthy living. It helps in improving functions of heart, lungs and most orgaorgans which helps in heath promotion.
• Vaccination: and stress managememt.