Question

Case Study 1

Lucille Cagle is a 73 year old female who has been a heavy cigarette smoker since she was a teenager. she now has chronic cough. Recently, she has also experienced shortness of breath when she carries her groceries from the car to her house or when she tries to walk up the few stairs to her front door. She is conerned that her breathing problems might prevent her from doing her usual activities.

Case Study 2

Chad Wilson is a 21 year old male in good health. In the middle of the night. Chad woke up with severe pain in the right side of the testicle and he noticed that is swollen. it is also painful when he tries to urinate. He hates to go the doctor, but he us worried that he might have testicular cancer.

QUESTION

1. The possible disease and condition on each case study.

2. Any examination or tests that will help confirm or refute the diagnose.

3. Additional steps that the patient should take. (e.g. taking medication or adopting a new health habit)

Answer 1

Case 1:- Disease :- lung cancer

Case 2:- Testicular torsion.

2. Examination or test:-

Case 1:- Once lung cancer begins to cause symtoms, it usually visible on X-ray.

CT scan:- Detailed examination

Lung biopsy:- diagnosis of lung cancer is usually confirmed through a Lung biopsy.

Case 2:-

Physical examination:- check scrotum swelling. Doctor pinch the inside of thigh. Normally this cause the testiclee to contarct. This reflex may disapper if torsion is there.

Urine test:- for evaluating any infection.

Ultrasound:- Ultrasound of scrotum. This show blood flow to the testicles. If its lower than normal, there may be torsion

Treatment and modification of habits:-

Case1:-

Radiation and chemotherapy is given

Surgery can be done if cancer hasnt spread too far in body.

New habits:- stop smoking, Do exercise and yoga. Complete ceassion of smoking should be done.

Case 2:- definitive management of testicular torsion requires surgery. During surgery affected testicle is untwisted, and if it us found to be viable, the testicle is secured to scrotal wall.

The more rapidly the testicle is untwisted and blood flow is restored, the better the chances for salvaging the affected testicles. If treated within 6 hours of symotom onset, the salvage rate nears 100% while after 24 hours the salvge rate is between 0 to 10%.