Common proteins are polymers of 20 different amino acids. How many amino acids are necessary for...

Common proteins are polymers of 20 different amino acids. How many amino acids are necessary for a protein polymer to have at least as many possible different sequences as there are atoms in the Universe?

(There are about 2 × 1056 moles of atoms in the Universe.)

*Note - The answer is a mathmatical answer. I need an explanation of the math behind this problem.

Expert Solution

According to the information, a total of 20 different amino acids are commonly found. Also, there are nearly 2*1056 moles of atoms in the Universe. Thus, we can have calculations as:

Number of atoms in Universe = 2*1056* Avogadro number

Number of amino acids required to have in total = 2*1056*Avogadro number/20 or 636.03*10²³ or 6.36* 10²⁵

Thus, this large number of amino acids in total would be present in this large polymer. However, studies have shown that the maximum possible combinations that could be made from 20 amino acids is given by 2020 i.e. 1.05*10²⁶.

Thus, these calculations show that the requisite number i.e. 6.36* 10²⁵is smaller than 1.05*10²⁶ and hence, these 20 amino acids are sufficient to make this large polymer as well.

This data and these sets of calculations suggest that our body contains all the biological information which is necessary to start life in the universe.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

What is false? Proteins are made of long strings of 20 different common amino acids in...

What is false? Proteins are made of long strings of 20 different common amino acids in different orders. The chemical properties of each amino acid are determined by the amino acid's side chain. The order of amino acids in a polypeptide determines the three-dimensional shape of the folded molecule. Most proteins consist of two amino acid polymers attached together by hydrogen bonding.

Proteins are chains of amino acids. There are twenty different types of naturally occurring amino acids,...

Proteins are chains of amino acids. There are twenty different types of naturally occurring amino acids, and all organisms must have all twenty of them in order to survive. In this project we will be discussing the amino acid leucine. What are the two possible methods that a cell may employ to be certain that it has each of the 20 amino acids? RNA is partly made of the base uracil. What are the two possible methods that a cell...

The 21st and 22nd amino acids found in proteins are the rare amino acids ______________ and...

The 21st and 22nd amino acids found in proteins are the rare amino acids ______________ and ______________. ________________ are nonviral genetic elements that have reverse transcriptase activity. An example of retrotransposons in the human genome is the ____ family of sequences.

What is an amino acid? How many amino acids are there?

1. Name and draw two derivatives of amino acids beyond the 20 common amino acids. 2....

1. Name and draw two derivatives of amino acids beyond the 20 common amino acids. 2. What effects the efficiency of enzymatic reaction(describe those)? 3. CJD and early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease was shown to be transmittable through the injection of HGH. What would that suggest about the brain-blood barrier?

Proteins are ______________ built from amino acids, which each have an amino group

Proteins are ______________ built from amino acids, which each have an amino group and a _____________ group attached to the central _______________. There are twenty possible _______________ that differ in structure and are generally referred to as “R.” In solutions of neutral pH, amino acids are _______________, carrying both a positive and negative charge. When a protein is made, amino acids are linked together through _______________, which are formed by condensation reactions between the carboxyl end of the last amino...

Unlike carbohydrates, nucleus acids, and lipids, proteins have diverse functions in a cell. Proteins are polymers...

Unlike carbohydrates, nucleus acids, and lipids, proteins have diverse functions in a cell. Proteins are polymers of the same subunits, amino acids. Discuss how the structure of amino acids allows proteins to perform so many functions. At least 250 words Please cite two sources

25. If proteins were composed of only 12 different kinds of amino acids, what would be the smallest

25. If proteins were composed of only 12 different kinds of amino acids, what would be the smallest possible codon size in a genetic system with four different nucleotides? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 12 26. From the following list, which is the first event in translation in eukaryotes? A) elongation of the polypeptide B) base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger C) binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosome subunits D) covalent bonding between the first two amino acids E) Both B...

name the 20 amino acids, what makes them different from one another?

How many different primary structures could be formed using the four amino acids alanine, phenylalanine, serine...

How many different primary structures could be formed using the four amino acids alanine, phenylalanine, serine and valine? Write the amino acid sequences (using the three letter code) of all the possible peptides that begin with phenylalanine. You must use each amino acid once and only once in each peptide.

Question