1. Name and draw two derivatives of amino acids beyond the 20 common amino acids. 2....

1. Name and draw two derivatives of amino acids beyond the 20 common amino
acids.

2. What effects the efficiency of enzymatic reaction(describe those)?

3. CJD and early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease was shown to be transmittable through the injection of HGH. What would that suggest about the brain-blood barrier?

Solutions

Expert Solution

1) Beyond the 20 common amino acids, the 2 derivatives of amino acids are - Selenocysteine and Pyrrolysine.

Selenocysteine- Selenocysteine is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid.

Molecular Formula: C3H7NO2Se

Pyrrolysine- Pyrrolysine is an α-amino acid.

Molecular Formula: C12H21N3O3

2) Several factors affect the efficiency of enzymatic reaction - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.

i: pH- 7.4

ii: Temperature- Optimal temp- 37-40o C

iii: Concentration of enzyme- increase in concentration means increase in rate.

iv: Concentration of substrate- increase in concentration means increase in rate.

v: Effect of activators- Mg2+, Na+, K+.

vi: Concsntration of products.

vii: Activators ( Coenzymes and cofactors)

viii: Inhibitors.

ix: Time

x: Oxidizing agent.

xi: Anti-enzymes

xii: UV light and radiation.

Competitive inhibition- Inhibitors that resembles normal substrate binds to active site and prevents substrate from binding.

3) HGH (Human growth harmone) is known to cause Alzheimer’s and CID due to formation of amyloid in the brain. HGH is derived from the pituitary gland of cadaver which might had Alzheimer’s and may cause the same. The brain influx of HGH is by simple diffusion despite absence of specific transport system.

Hydrophobic molecules cross the Brain-blood barrier(BBB).

GHS-R may help the HGH(Peptide harmone) in crossing the BBB.

Transcytosis transport may also occur.

gladiator answered 2 weeks ago

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