Question

1.    Describe the following, and indicate where they are typically seen (disorders of primary hemostasis or secondary hemostasis)

Petechiae

Purpura

Ecchymoses

Hematomas

Answer 1

1. PETECHIAE:-
-these are round, brown-purple spots due to bleeding under the skin, may be in a small area due to minor trauma, or widespread due to blood-clotting disorder.
-These are formed when tiny blood capillaries break and blood leaks into your skin.
-typically seen in thrombocytopenia.

2. PURPURA:-
- It is a skin rash characterized by small, purplish-red spots on skin and mucous membranes.
- it is caused due to bursting of small blood vessels resulting in blood to pool under the skin.
- typically seen in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

3. ECCHYMOSES:-
- Also called bruises.
-It is a subcutaneous spot of bleeding with diameter >1 centimetre.
-These are purpuric flat patches on the skin.
-it occurs due to extravacation of blood.
-Typically seen in von willebrand disease.

4. HEMATOMAS:-
-hematoma is a collection of blood, usually clotted, outside of a blood vessel.
- It occur due to an injury to the wall of a blood vessel allowing blood to leak out into tissues.
- Example- trauma.