Question

Differentiate between primary and secondary acquired immunodeficiencies and describe them using the following words:   

Hereditary

Primary

Secondary

Opportunistic infections

Severe Combined immunodeficiencies

Phagocytic

Acute infection

AIDS

Latent phase

Complement components deficiency

Answer 1

Immunodeficiency disorders result in a full or partial impairment of theimmune system. Primary immunodeficiencies are the result ofgenetic defects, and secondary immunodeficiencies are caused by environmental factors, such as HIV/AIDS or malnutrition.Inherited - Present at birth - Due to an intrinsic congenital defect of the immune system. - Many = X-linked (present in males) - carries important immune function genes Due to a defect in: - Innate immunity - Acquired immunity. - Acquired - Triggered after birth - Due to an underlying condition

Hereditary: genetically transmitted or transmittable from parent to offspring The disease is hereditary. b : characteristic of or fostered by one's predecessors a hereditaryfeud. received or passing by inheritance or required to pass by inheritance or by reason of birth hereditary wealth.

immunodeficiency disorder (PID) refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by poor or absent function in one or more components of the immune system. Over 130 different disorders have been identified to date, with new disorders continually being recognized

Secondary immunodeficiency (SID) occurs when the immune system is weakened by another treatment or illness. What causes secondary immunodeficiency? There are many potential causes of SID but the most common examples are blood or bone marrow disorders, drugs (medicines) and treatment for cancer.

Opportunistic infections (OIs) areinfections that occur more frequently and are more severe in people with weakened immune systems, including people with HIV. Many OIs are considered AIDS-defining conditions

Severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID) is a group of rare disorders caused by mutations in different genes involved in the development and function of infection-fighting immune cells. Infants with SCID appear healthy at birth but are highly susceptible tosevere infections.

ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, "to eat" or "devour", and "-cyte", the suffix in biology denoting "cell", from the Greek kutos, "hollow vessel".

The term acute infection is used to refer to microbe living inside a host for a limited period of time, typically less than six months. However, an abundance of research has emerged suggesting that acute infections have long-lasting effects, predisposing a person to later onset of chronic diseases.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

HIV causes AIDS and interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.

The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids.

Requires a medical diagnosis

Within a few weeks of HIV infection, flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and fatigue can occur. Then the disease is usually asymptomatic until it progresses to AIDS. AIDS symptoms include weight loss, fever or night

latent phase of labour? The start of labour is called the latent phase. This is when your cervix becomes soft and thin as it gets ready to open up (dilate) for your baby to be born. For this to happen, you'll start having contractions, which may be irregular and vary in frequency, strength and length.

Complement component 2 deficiencyis a disorder that causes the immune system to malfunction, resulting in a form of immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiencies are conditions in which the immune system is not able to protect the body effectively from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses.