Question

1. The change in mean trait value from one generation to the next is:

a. selection differential b. selection gradient c. heritability d. response to selection

2. For a given gene, the fitness effects of beneficial mutations tend to be ___ those of harmful mutations:

a) smaller than b) roughly the same as c) larger than d) more variable than

3. Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction?

a. self-fertilization b. Parthenogenesis c. Hermaphrodism d. non-random mating

4. A behavioral phenotype such that, if almost all individuals in a population have that phenotype, no alternative phenotype can invade the population or replace it, is called:

a. iteroparity. b. semelparity. c. pleiotropy. d. linkage. e. an ESS

Answer 1

1) The change in mean trait value from one generation to next is :
d) rsponse to selection
Explanation: Distribution of phenotype is changed by selection and this is measured by changes in mean so change in trait from one generation to next is in response to selection.
2. c) larger than
A beneficial mutation increases the fitness of organism by influencing it's survival and reproductive rate and harmful mutation decreases it. so we say beneficial mutations affects the fitness larger than harmful mutations.
3. b) Parthenogenesis
Explanation: Here an unfertilised egg develops into a new individual whereas in self fertilisation , it involves meiosis and syngamy so it in not an asexual mode , similarly hermaphroditism can produce both male and female gametes and can undergo self fertilisation that is a sexual mode of reproduction . and in non random mating a fit individual mates with the other of opposite sex of same species to produce an offspring so According to the question , Parthenogenesis is the correct answer.
4. e) an ESS
ESS is a strategy that a population from a particular environment adopts and it can not be invaded by any other strategy that are rare in the start so if all individuals have same phenotype , an alternative phenotype cannot invade the population or replace it.
In iteroparity multiple reproductive events occur before the death of organism, whereas in semelparity there is single reproductive event occurs.
Pleiotropy occurs when two unrelated phenotypes are influenced by one gene.
And the close association of genes on chromosome is termed as linkage.
So, the most appropriate answer is ESS ( evolutionary stable strategy)