Do homologous chromosomes have the same number of genes? Are homologous chromosomes identical in every way?...

Do homologous chromosomes have the same number of genes?

Are homologous chromosomes identical in every way? Explain.

Give an example of a haploid cell in a human. Give an example of a diploid cell in a human.

How does synapsis lead to the variation of genetic information?

Describe how independent assortment can lead to differences in gamete genetic composition.

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Expert Solution

Homologous chromosomes are the pair of chromosomes which have same genes at same locus. They have same number of genes.

No, they have same genes at same locus but the alleles present in these chromosomes may or may not be same. If the alleles are same than we call it as homozygous and if they are different than it is called as heterozygous.

Gametes are haploid because they have a single set of all the chromosomes. Example, sperm and egg.

Somatic cells are diploid because they have two sets of chromosomes. Example, heart cell, skin cell.

Synapsis or crossing over is the process of exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids of chromosomes. This results in the formation of recombinant chromosomes which now contain alleles from both paternal and maternal chromosomes. One pair of homologous chromosome is made up of one paternal and one maternal chromosome.

Independent assortment is the random alignment of chromosomes are the equatorial plate during metaphase 1 of meiosis 1. It results in the formation of gametes which contain some of the paternal and some of the maternal chromosomes. It can also result in the formation of gametes which either contain only paternal or only maternal chromosomes.

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