Question

For this concept map, you will be choosing an abnormal finding for Eyes from chapter 14 in your Jarvis text. Subtopics should include:

Locate—* list common assessment findings or objective observations associated with the abnormal finding

Communicate—*list questions you would ask the patient related to the abnormal finding

Medicate—list expected treatments/medications for the abnormal finding

Educate—list pertinent patient education items related to the abnormal finding and/or its prevention

Advocate—list items you would request from the physician or advocate for concerning the abnormal finding ie: therapy, home care, etc You are not limited to these subtopics, but these subtopics must all be included. Each subtopic should include at least 2-4 supporting characteristics for that subtopic. APA format is not required on this assignment, but correct spelling and grammar should be used.

Answer 1

1.commom assessment finding in eye examination:-

**Visual acuity test : It is a qualitative measurement of eyes from certain distance.if a person can see object properly from the distance of 6Meters then it values as 6/6.

**Refraction test:- It means the eyes can properly bring light into the focus of retina or not. This test is done for determine the refractive error.

**pupilliary reaction test :- it means pupil is normally constricted when it exposed to the light.if it is not properly reactive to light then there is a problem in optic nerve.

**ocular motility testing :- Here mainly patient is asked to follow a target with both eyes in nine cardinal directions.When eyes are moving on then examiner check the moving of eyes in the target at the right ,left,top,bottom & also checking the symmetry of both eyes,speed,smoothness of gaze.if there is any abnormality present ,then it must be extra ocular muscle defect.

**Visual field testing:- Here assess the extend of peripheral  field of each eye separately. Here patient is asked to count the finger in 4 quadrant.If any abnormalities detect then it means visual field loss.

**External Examination:- here conjunctiva, sclera,eyelids are examined .

**Retinal examination is done by opthalmoscope & intraocular pressure is detected by tonometry testing.

2.List of question asked patient :-

*Does the patient experience any problem during perceive vision? Is visual acuity diminished or experienced any blurred,double, distorted vision?

*is there is any pain?if present then what kind of pain is it?dull or sharp?

*Is Itching sensation or discomfort present in the eyes?

*what is the duration of the problem?

*Describe the onset,recurrence of the condition?

* is it self treated?

*Are there any systemic disease?

* Have you done any eye surgery previously?

*Have you any family history regarding eye problem?

3.Medication for abnormal findings:-

*Topical anesthetic agent :-such as proparacaine hydrochloride & tetracaine hydrochloride for reducing pain.

*Mydratic or cycloplegic agent:- atropine ophthalmic,phenylephrine for dilating pupil.

*Anti infective :- penicillin,cephalosporin,aminoglycosides etc.

*Corticosteroids & NSAIDs used in inflammatory condition of external eyes.

*ocular irrigants & Lubricants to clean external lids & irrigate external foreign particles from inner eyes.

4.Patient Education:-

*Avoid risk factors (such as high blood pressure,diabetes,obesity)

*Check Blood pressure & blood sugar regularly if present.

*Eye examination should be done in at least 2 years.

*Avoid smoking & drinking.

* Don't expose your eyes in wind & dry air.

*protect your eyes from ultraviolet ray,use sunglasses.

*Don't concentrating for long time in reading,driving or working on computer.

*Regular exercise must be maintained  

*Eat healthy & balanced diet.

* Protect your eyes from any injury.

5.Advocacy on therapy & home care :-

*perform handwashing before & after instilling eye medication.

*Do not use any drop medications that have change colour.

*Ensure adequate lighting.

*Assume comfortable position.

*Don't touch the tip of the medication container to any part of the eye.

*wait for 5 mins after instilling eye drops.

*keep eyes close & apply gentle pressure on the inner canthus for 2 mins after installing eye drops.

*If any irritation,redness of eyes,pain occurs then immediately inform to doctor.