Question

Prepare a concept map for a musculoskeletal disorder from your readings. Use the included template to outline the system disorder including the pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment.

Answer 1

* Musculoskeletal disorder = Musculoskeletal system disorder is the disorder of bone, muscle, ligament tendon and joint in these disorder movement are affected.

Strains = Pulling and stretching of muscle or tendon.

Sprain = Ligament injury or stretching.

* Osteoarthritis = Osteoarthritis is a non inflammatory degenerative joint disease.

- Most commonly affect weight bearing joints, example - Hip, knee, & Lower vertebral column.

- Most common form of arthritis, associated with ageing and obesity.

* Pathophysiology = Due to etiological or hereditory factor , age, overweight etc

  

Involvement of central joint and weight bearing large joint

  

  Weight bearing , stress ( Wear & Tear )

  Muscle atrophy of joint or muscle and stiffness of joints

contracture of muscle also

  Distalinterfalamgeal spaces - Haberdens nodes

Proximal interphalangeal spaces  - Bonchards nodes

With Humidity and environmental changes

  

    Stiffness of joint resulting

  

* Osteoarthritis *

* Etiology =

Unknown, Hereditory, Cellular change and cartilage alteration with age .

Sex - Male with low testosterone and female with oestrogen hormon- Post menopausal women.

Weight- overweight, Occupation - Sports injury and smoking.

* Clinical features =  

* Chronic progressive - Pain, Tenderness and swelling

- Pain aggravet with activity.

- Rest may relieve pain.

- Stiffness of joint.

- Dull pain which increases with weight bearing.

- Decrease range of motion

Presence of Heberden's nodes or Bouchards nodes.

* Treatment =

Aspirin, - NSAID,

Corticosteroids- Dopamedrol injection into the joint.

Bone supplements - Vitamin D and Calcium administeration.

Injection - Hyalur- Hyaluronidase - To stronger the hyaline cartilage .

Arthroplasty - partial or complete. and osteomy

Decrease the fat and carbohydrate diet and increase vitamin D3, calcium and protein diet,

* Hot and cold compression as ordered.

* Encourage patient to perform activity of daily living.