Question

1. If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions, the result will be

a) weight loss

b) weight gain

c) metabolic rate declines

d) cancer

2. Oxidation refers to

a) the building of a large macromolecule

b) adding an electron

c) the loss of an electron

d) adding a proton

3. Where inside the cell does glycolysis occur?

a) the mitochondria

b) the chloroplast

c) the cytosol

d) the cell membrane

Short Answer

4. Where in the cell does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 1

1. B) Weight gain

Catabolic reaction and Anabolic reactions are two types of metabolic reactions. Anabolic reaction refers to the formation of macromolecules whereas catabolic reactions break down macro molecules into simpler molecules. Excess anabolic reactions produce more macro molecules which will be stored in body. For example, excess carbohydrates are stored as glycogen and fat. This will lead to weight gain.

2. C) The loss of an electron.

Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons.

3. C) The cytosol

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasmic matrix (Cytosol). Glycolysis coverts glucose into pyruvate through a series of reactions.

4. Aerobic respiration is the aerobic catabolism of nutrients to carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Aerobic respiration involves Glycolysis, Formation of Acetyl Co A, Citric acid cycle and Electron transport chain. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm. The rest of the pathways occur in mitochondria. So, mitochondria are considered to be the main site of aerobic respiration.

Glucose is converted into pyruvate in cytoplasm via Glycolysis. Pyruvate is transported to mitochondria and is converted into Acetyl CoA. Ac CoA then enters Citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, to produce NADH. NADH enters Electron transport chain in the Inner mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP.