Question

28.  The sex-role reversal pattern shown in the parental behavior of most seahorse and pipefish

           species

            A. has several females establishing a territory together and raising the broods collectively

B. shows males, at reproductive maturity, reversing their sexual identity, and pairing

    with other males

            C. shows males taking on the typical female role of protecting the clutch of eggs in a brood

     pouch until they hatch

            D. has a single female establishing a territory and recruiting several males into the territory to

                  cooperatively raise the brood of young (a male harem structure).

_____29.  In viewing the video clips of the Birds of Paradise species in Papua New Guinea, you deduced that

        they show

            A. maternal parenting

            B. paternal parenting

            C. biparental parenting

_____30. What aspect of the Birds of Paradise led you to this conclusion:

            A. high level of sexual dimorphism between males & females, males showing brighter colors

            B. high level of sexual dimorphism between males & females, females showing brighter colors

            C. low level of sexual dimorphism between males & females

_____31. You can make the generalization that when a species has numerous young at once that take a long

time to mature or learn to feed itself, and this is a prey species with many predators,

you expect to see more _____________because the number of offspring that survive to reproduce

becomes more important to the survival of the species than just the number offspring born.  

            A. male-female monogamous social mating behavior with biparental parenting

B. male promiscuous mating behavior with maternal parenting

Answer 1

Question 1

Discussion:- Sex role reversal pattern involves a change in the conventional role associated with the sex of the organism. Conventionally men's used to compete for mating and females were associated with parental care and pregnancy.

But in seahorses, the sex roles are reversed and females compete for the access to mate and male seahorses produce sperm and also get pregnant. The females lay eggs in the male's abdominal pouch on the ventral side. The male releases sperm and fertilizes these egg, The male sea horse is involved with parental care and looks after the offsprings.

Option A:- Incorrect

Reason:-The female seahorses establish territories but they are not involved in parental care of the offsprings. The roles are reversed and male seahorses undergo gestation period to give birth to the offspring. Malle sea horses are involved in parental care.

Option B:-Incorrect

Reason:-The mating takes place among the opposite sex. During courtship, the female lays eggs in the male pouch and male seahorse fertilizes the egg to give rise to offspring.

Option C:- Correct

Reason:-The males are involved in parental care. They fertilize the eggs laid in the pouch and incubate them for 14days to 4 weeks. Followed by giving birth to the offspring

Option D:- Incorrect

Reason:-The female swims away to her territory and the offsprings are raised and looked after by the male seahorse. Only the male undergoes the gestation period followed by birth and parental care of the offspring.

Question 2

Discussion:-The Bird of Paradise is an exceptionally beautiful species of bird found in Papua New Guinea. The birds have exceptionally beautiful colors, patterns, and feathers which enable them to choose and attract mates. Once the male mates with the female he leaves and do not take part in nesting and caring about the young one.

Option A:- Correct

Reason:- After mating the male bird leaves and female looks after nesting, rearing, and caring of the offsprings.

Option B:-Incorrect

Reason:- Males do not contribute to parental care in this species.

Option C:- Incorrect

Reason:- The males usually do not involve in parental care but some species such as Manucodes are monogamous and they together raise their offsprings.