Question

A. Name and state the function of three organelles that are unique to bacteria. Now name three organelles unique to eukaryotic cells.

B. Describe the special organization of organelles and cytoskeleton that is only found in eukaryotic cells. How does this special organization affect eukaryotic cell physiology?

Answer 1

Please find the answers below:

Answer A: Some of the structures unique to bacteria along with their functions can be discussed as below:

1. Nucleoid: the nucleoid is the composition of the chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell which constitute the genetic material
2. Vacuoles: Vacuoles represent the large sacs which represent to be the store-house of many materials such as food material etc.
3. Capsule: A capsule is an outer protective covering outside the whole prokaryotic cell which protects the cell from the outer environment and contribute to its pathogenicity.

The organelles unique to eukaryotic cells are:

1. Nucleus: It is a membrane bound organelle containing all the genetic material.
2. Mitochondria: The mitochondria represents the site of energy generation in the cells
3. Endoplasmic reticulum: This membranous sac is the site for synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates along with lipids.

Answer B: The cytoskeleton of the eukaryotic cells contains three major structures:

1. Microtubules: A strong interconnecting skeleton of tubules in the cell containing thick and small sturctures.
2. Microfilaments: A flexible interconnecting skeleton of filament containing long and flexible rods.
3. Intermediate filaments: Long and slender tube like structures which connect both microtubules and microfilaments to each other.

Together, these three cytoskeletal compoenents perform following functions:

1. Hold the cellular organelles together at place.
2. Bring about motion in the cell
3. Maintain the structure of the cell
4. Serve as the site for calcium binding and motion in the cell
5. Serve as the main site of action for cellular division